Table 1 Participants’ characteristics
Variable | Males (n = 318) | Females (n = 326) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± standard deviation | |||
Age, year | 15.8 ± 0.3 | 15.8 ± 0.3 | 0.997 |
Height, cm | 171.2 ± 5.4 | 159.9 ± 5.0 | <.001 |
Weight, kg | 64.5 ± 10.3 | 54.1 ± 7.3 | <.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.0 ± 3.1 | 21.1 ± 2.6 | <.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 74.0 ± 8.1 | 69.2 ± 6.7 | <.001 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 112.5 ± 11.6 | 102.8 ± 9.9 | <.001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 59.3 ± 6.9 | 59.4 ± 6.7 | 0.954 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 148.4 ± 26.6 | 160.9 ± 25.8 | <.001 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 41.5 ± 8.6 | 47.5 ± 9.4 | <.001 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 90.3 ± 23.2 | 97.6 ± 22.6 | <.001 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 83.5 ± 31.3 | 78.9 ± 26.9 | 0.059 |
FVC, L | 4.51 ± 0.62 | 3.23 ± 0.39 | <.001 |
FEV1, L | 3.98 ± 0.53 | 2.84 ± 0.40 | <.001 |
Percent predicted FEV1 | 109.4 ± 11.5 | 90.6 ± 12.1 | <.001 |
Percent predicted FVC | 114.2 ± 12.8 | 98.3 ± 10.1 | <.001 |
Number (%) | |||
Smoking (≥100 cigarettes) | 15 (4.7) | 3 (0.9) | 0.004 |
Drinking (≥1 time/month) | 34 (10.7) | 16 (4.9) | 0.006 |
Regular exercise (≥1 time/week) | 281 (88.4) | 259 (79.5) | 0.002 |
Monthly household income | |||
< 3,000,000 won | 61 (19.2) | 51 (15.6) | 0.622 |
3,000,000 to 5,000,000 won | 101 (31.8) | 112 (34.4) | |
> 5,000,000 won | 80 (25.2) | 79 (24.2) | |
Do not wish to answer | 76 (23.9) | 84 (25.8) | |