Association of physical activity with lung function in lung-healthy German adults: results from the KORA FF4 study

Table 3 Association of physical activity with pulmonary gas exchange and inspiratory muscle strength

	Pulmonary gas exchange (TLCO/VA), 10⁻¹ mmol/min/kPa/l		Maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PI_max), kPa
	β (95% CI)	p-value	β (95% CI)	p-value
MVPA quartiles,
1st – least active (reference)	–	–	–	–
2nd	0.01 (−0.47, 0.49)	0.98	0.39 (−0.32, 1.10)	0.28
3rd	−0.30 (−0.80, 0.19)	0.23	0.23 (−0.48, 0.94)	0.53
4th – most active	0.25 (−0.25, 0.75)	0.33	0.05 (−0.68, 0.78)	0.90
10-min bout of MVPA achieved,
yes vs. no	−0.03 (−0.39, 0.34)	0.88	0.57 (0.04, 1.10)	0.04
WHO threshold achieved,
yes vs. no	0.36 (−0.13, 0.84)	0.15	0.00 (−0.71, 0.71)	1.00

The models were adjusted for sex, age, height, weight, smoking status categorized as never, ex-, or current smokers, education level, and a doctor’s diagnosis of hay fever
TLCO/VA transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin and divided by alveolar volume, PI _max maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, CI confidence interval, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity

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