| All cases (n = 499) | Normal (n = 290) | Emphysema (n = 135) | Fibrosis (n = 74) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yearsa | 70.0 (38–88) | 68.4 (38–88) | 69.9 (47–86) | 71.9 (58–87) | 0.012 |
Gender, male | 69.7 (348) | 55.5 (161) | 88.1 (119) | 91.9 (68) | 0.001 |
History of smoking | 75.2 (375) | 58.6 (170) | 99.3 (134) | 95.9 (71) | 0.001 |
Diabetes | 20.4 (102) | 17.2 (50) | 22.2 (30) | 29.7 (22) | 0.049 |
Ischemic cardiac disease | 7.8 (39) | 4.8 (14) | 11.9 (16) | 12.2 (9) | 0.014 |
Spirometric variables | |||||
 VC (%)b | 105.8 (20.3) | 109.3 (20.6) | 108.4 (19.2) | 104.9 (17.8) | 0.208 |
 %FEV1 predictedb | 101.0 (24.2) | 105.3 (24.4) | 95.0 (22.0) | 104.7 (17.6) | 0.001 |
 FEV1/FVC below 0.7 | 46.9 (234) | 39.3 (114) | 68.1 (92) | 37.8 (28) | 0.001 |
Severity of airway obstruction | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Non-COPD | 53.1 (265) | 60.7 (176) | 31.9 (43) | 62.2 (46) |  |
 GOLD grade 1 | 32.3 (161) | 26.6 (77) | 44.4 (60) | 32.4 (24) |  |
 GOLD grade 2 | 12.6 (63) | 10.0 (29) | 22.2 (30) | 5.4 (4) |  |
 GOLD grade 3 | 2.0 (10) | 2.8 (8) | 1.5 (2) | 0 (0) |  |
 GOLD grade 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
TSCT emphysema | |||||
 Grade 0 | 60.1 (300) | 100 (290) | 0 (0) | 13.5 (10) |  |
 Grade 1 | 26.9 (134) | 0 (0) | 62.2 (84) | 67.6 (50) |  |
 Grade 2 | 10.2(51) | 0 (0) | 28.9 (39) | 16.2 (12) |  |
 Grade 3 | 2.8 (14) | 0 (0) | 8.9 (12) | 2.7 (2) |  |
TSCT fibrosis | |||||
 Grade 0 | 85.2 (425) | 100 (290) | 100 (135) | 0 (0) |  |
 Grade 1 | 8.0 (40) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 54.1 (40) |  |
 Grade 2 | 6.8 (34) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 45.9 (34) |  |