| all cases (n = 343) | non-surgery (n = 70) | surgery (n = 273) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yearsa | 69.8 (38–88) | 70.7 (50–86) | 68.8 (38–88) | 0.001 |
Gender, male | 68.0 (233) | 75.7 (53) | 65.9 (180) | 0.118 |
History of smoking | 72.3 (248) | 80.0 (56) | 70.3 (192) | 0.107 |
Diabetes | 21.0 (72) | 28.6 (20) | 19.0 (52) | 0.810 |
Ischemic disease | 7.9 (27) | 12.9 (9) | 6.6 (18) | 0.083 |
Spirometric variables | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 VCb | 109.0 (20.0) | 101.8 (25.3) | 111.2 (19.0) | 0.001 |
 %FEV1 predictedb | 104.1 (23.5) | 94.2 (24.7) | 106.2 (22.6) | 0.011 |
 FEV1/FVC below 0.7 | 43.7 (150) | 50 (35) | 42.1 (115) | 0.236 |
 DLCO, performed | 89.8 (308) | 58.6 (41) | 97.8 (267) | 0.001 |
 DLCO | 108.0 (28.8) | 96.3 (34.7) | 109.9 (27.5) | 0.021 |
Severity of airway obstruction | Â | Â | Â | 0.049 |
 Non-COPD | 56.3 (193) | 50.0 (35) | 57.9 (158) |  |
 GOLD grade 1 | 32.9 (113) | 37.1 (26) | 31.9 (87) |  |
 GOLD grade 2 | 9.0 (31) | 7.2 (5) | 9.5 (26) |  |
 GOLD grade 3 | 1.7 (6) | 5.7 (4) | 0.7 (2) |  |
 GOLD grade 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
Thin section CT | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Normal | 60.9 (209) | 45.7 (32) | 64.8 (177) |  |
 Emphysema | 25.7 (88) | 28.6 (20) | 24.9 (68) |  |
 Fibrosis | 13.4 (46) | 25.7 (18) | 10.9 (28) |  |
Severity of emphysema | Â | Â | Â | 0.065 |
 Grade 0 | 62.4 (214) | 48.6 (34) | 65.9 (180) |  |
 Grade 1 | 24.8 (85) | 34.3 (24) | 22.3 (61) |  |
 Grade 2 | 9.9 (34) | 12.8 (9) | 9.2 (25) |  |
 Grade 3 | 2.9 (10) | 4.3 (3) | 2.6 (7) |  |
Severity of fibrosis | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Grade 0 | 86.6 (297) | 74.3 (52) | 89.7 (245) |  |
 Grade 1 | 7.0 (24) | 10.0 (7) | 6.2 (17) |  |
 Grade 2 | 6.4 (22) | 15.7 (11) | 4.0 (11) |  |
Clinical stage | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 I | 60.6 (208) | 37.1 (26) | 66.7 (182) |  |
 II | 21.3 (73) | 15.7 (11) | 22.7 (62) |  |
 III | 18.1 (62) | 47.1 (33) | 10.6 (29) |  |
Histology | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 |
 Adenocarcinoma | 62.7 (215) | 48.6 (34) | 66.3 (181) |  |
 Squamous cell carcinoma | 28.9 (99) | 44.3 (31) | 24.9 (68) |  |
 Othersc | 8.5 (29) | 7.1 (5) | 8.8 (24) |  |