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Table 4 Summary of adjusted linear regression analyses of lung function at 12.8 years in 463 Norwegian children according to weight-related anthropometrics

From: The associations between weight-related anthropometrics during childhood and lung function in late childhood: a retrospective cohort study

 

Outcome variablea

  

FVC %

FEV1%

FEV1/FVC %

FEF25–75%/FVC

Predictor

n

b

95% CI

F-test p

b

95% CI

F-test p

b

95% CI

F-test p

b

95% CI

F-test p

Weight SDS

 Birth

370

1.54

(0.51, 2.58)

0.004

1.60

(0.63, 2.56)

0.001

0.06

(−0.62, 0.75)

0.855

−0.67

(−2.77, 1.43)

0.529

BMI SDS

 3 months

346

1.99

(0.72, 3.25)

0.002

1.56

(0.37, 2.75)

0.011

−0.50

(−1.34, 0.34)

0.242

−0.98

(−3.54, 1.57)

0.448

 6 months

347

1.60

(0.42, 2.78)

0.008

1.43

(0.33, 2.53)

0.011

−0.29

(−1.08, 0.50)

0.471

−0.59

(−3.00, 1.82)

0.629

 1 year

345

1.51

(0.39, 2.62)

0.008

1.03

(−0.02, 2.07)

0.055

−0.54

(−1.28, 0.21)

0.157

−1.06

(−3.33, 1.21)

0.358

 4 yearsb

303

2.42

(1.17, 3.66)

<0.001

1.92

(0.75, 3.09)

0.001

−0.57

(−1.42, 0.29)

0.193

−1.14

(−3.71, 1.42)

0.381

 10.8/11.8 yearsc, d

351

3.40

(2.36, 4.43)

<0.001

1.98

(0.98, 2.98)

<0.001

−1.47

(−2.18, −0.76)

<0.001

−2.87

(−5.06, −0.67)

0.011

 12.8 yearsc

351

2.84

(1.79, 3.88)

<0.001

1.49

(0.49, 2.50)

0.004

−1.39

(−2.09, −0.69)

<0.001

−3.17

(−5.35, −1.00)

0.004

Other anthropometric SDSc

 WC

  10.8/11.8 yearsd

351

  

0.018

  

0.010

−1.18

(−1.95, −0.41)

0.003

−2.83

(−5.20, −0.46)

0.019

   Girls

177

3.88

(2.31, 5.46)

 

2.83

(1.33, 4.33)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

   Boys

174

1.24

(−0.33, 2.82)

 

0.12

(−1.38, 1.62)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

  12.8 years

351

  

0.009

  

0.029

−1.23

(−2.05, −0.41)

0.003

−3.03

(−5.55, −0.51)

0.019

   Girls

177

4.82

(3.24, 6.40)

 

3.36

(1.84, 4.88)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

   Boys

174

1.75

(0.02, 3.48)

 

0.90

(−0.76, 2.56)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

 WHtR

  10.8/11.8 yearsd

351

2.13

(0.99, 3.27)

<0.001

0.66

(−0.43, 1.74)

0.234

−1.52

(−2.27, −0.77)

<0.001

−2.58

(−4.91, −0.26)

0.030

  12.8 years

351

  

0.016

1.45

(0.26, 2.63)

0.017

−1.82

(−2.64, −0.99)

<0.001

−3.15

(−5.72, −0.58)

0.017

   Girls

177

4.66

(2.98, 6.34)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

   Boys

174

1.76

(0.04, 3.48)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

 TSF

  10.8/11.8 yearsd

349

0.31

(−0.84, 1.45)

0.597

−0.21

(−1.28, 0.86)

0.696

−0.63

(−1.38, 0.13)

0.103

−0.11

(−2.42, 2.20)

0.926

  12.8 years

350

  

0.005

  

0.001

−0.59

(−1.37, 0.19)

0.136

−0.10

(−2.47, 2.28)

0.937

   Girls

176

2.19

(0.49, 3.88)

 

1.87

(0.29, 3.44)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

   Boys

174

−1.12

(−2.70, 0.45)

 

−1.64

(−3.10, −0.17)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

 SSF

  12.8 years

340

  

0.035

1.01

(−0.23, 2.24)

0.110

−1.08

(−1.95, −0.20)

0.016

−1.26

(−3.95, 1.44)

0.360

   Girls

175

3.27

(1.52, 5.02)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

   Boys

165

0.65

(−1.17, 2.46)

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 

n.a.

n.a.

 
  1. Statistically significant p-values are indicated in bold numbers. Where a significant interaction with gender was found, the p-value of the interaction and the coefficients and confidence intervals given each gender are presented
  2. Abbreviations: FVC % forced vital capacity in percent of predicted, FEV1% forced expiratory volume in first second in percent of predicted, FEV1/FVC % ratio of FEV1 over FVC in percent of predicted, FEF 25–75% /FVC ratio of forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity over FVC given as a percentage value, n number of participants; b: regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index (kg/m2), SDS standard deviation score, F-test p refers to exposure only, WC waist circumference (cm), WHtR waist-to-height ratio, TSF triceps skinfold (mm), SSF subscapular skinfold (mm), n.a. not applicable
  3. aModel adjusted for sex, birth order, gestational age, duration of breastfeeding (none, < 3 months, > 3 months) (not for weight SDS at birth, and for BMI SDS at 3 months), preeclampsia (none/mild or moderate/severe), maternal BMI and maternal smoking at first antenatal visit (yes/no), maternal age, maternal asthma and maternal education
  4. bAlso adjusted for physical activity at 3–6 years
  5. cAlso adjusted for physical activity at 6–10 years
  6. d10.8/11.8 (girls/boys) years of age
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

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