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Table 3 Real-time echocardiographic changes in hemodynamics before and after pleural drainage

From: Improved heart hemodynamics after draining large-volume pleural effusion: a prospective cohort study

Parameters

Effusion (n = 28)

Before

Immediately After

P a

24 h After

P b

P c

Left Heart

 LVdVI, (ml/m2)

31.9 (24.3–42.8)

35.3 (31.3–44.9)

< 0.001

36.7 (31.1–48.2)

< 0.001

0.019

 LVsVI, (ml/m2)

11.3 (9.4–16.7)

12.2 (10.2–16.3)

0.220

12.2 (10.3–15.2)

< 0.001

0.264

 LAVI, (ml/m2)

22.8 (17.2–26.0)

26.5 (19.1–29.7)

0.018

27.4 (22.9–32.0)

< 0.001

0.234

Right Heart

 RV area, (cm2)

14.1 (12.5–18.9)

17.3 (15.2–18.9)

0.036

17.3 (15.0–18.5)

0.011

0.782

 RA area, (cm2)

11.8 (9.9–14.9)

14.1 (11.3–16.3)

0.016

14.2 (11.3–15.6)

0.018

0.727

Left ventricle

 LVEF, (%)

62.0 (59.3–66.8)

65.0 (63.0–68.8)

0.030

68.5 (64.0–71.0)

0.008

0.071

 SV, (ml)

36.0 (27.3–47.5)

41.0 (35.5–49.8)

< 0.001

42.5 (38.0–52.6)

< 0.001

0.006

 Sm, (cm/s)

8.2 (7.5–9.7)

8.0 (7.5–9.3)

0.952

9.0 (8.0–9.6)

0.137

0.055

 GLS, (%)

19.0 (18.0–20.0)

19.5 (18.0–21.0)

0.086

21.0 (18.0–22.9)

< 0.001

0.029

Right ventricle

 FAC, (%)

45.5 (38.3–52.0)

48.0 (45.0–57.0)

0.065

50.0 (40.0–55.0)

0.347

< 0.001

 TAPSE, (cm)

18.0 (17.0–19.8)

20.1 (19.0–22.0)

< 0.001

22.4 (19.5–24.8)

0.001

< 0.001

 RVFWs, (%)

18.0 (17.6–19.3)

19.1 (18.3–21.5)

0.137

19.3 (18.3–21.1)

0.018

0.603

Left ventricle

 IVRT, (s)

106.0 (106.0–127.0)

113.0 (106.0–123.0)

0.601

118.0 (106.0–135.3)

0.310

0.649

 E, (cm/s)

74.5 (67.8–85.0)

70.7 (64.3–76.8)

0.285

64.8 (56.8–82.4)

0.178

0.683

 A, (cm/s)

85.5 (63.8–113.8)

91.9 (58.7–103.3)

0.493

80.8 (48.9–93.4)

0.019

0.058

 E/A

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

0.8 (0.7–1.3)

0.546

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

0.260

0.157

 Em, (cm/s)

7.0 (6.1–9.8)

7.4 (6.3–8.7)

0.819

8.4 (6.2–9.3)

0.170

0.170

 Am, (cm/s)

10.4 (8.9–11.7)

10.9 (10.0–12.1)

0.390

11.0 (10.4–12.6)

0.334

0.309

 E/Em

10.9 (7.1–13.6)

9.8 (7.3–11.0)

0.419

9.1 (6.4–10.6)

0.023

0.095

Right ventricle

 MPI

0.7 (0.6–0.7)

0.5 (0.5–0.7)

< 0.001

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

0.002

0.585

 TvE, (cm/s)

54.0 (45.0–65.3)

57.0 (50.3–65.9)

0.536

53.0 (46.2–64.8)

0.543

0.065

 TvA, (cm/s)

51.5 (40.8–60.3)

48.7 (40.8–60.3)

1.000

41.8 (35.9–51.5)

0.069

0.027

 TvE/A

1.1 (0.8–1.3)

1.2 (0.8–1.4)

0.619

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

0.122

0.265

 TvE/Et

4.2 (3.6–5.8)

4.5 (3.1–4.9)

0.339

3.5 (2.8–5.4)

0.264

0.406

  1. Abbreviations: LVdVI Left ventricular end diastolic volume index, LVsVI left ventricular end-systolic volume index, LAVI left atrial volume index, RV area, right ventricular area, RA area, right atrial area, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, SV stroke volume, Sm systolic mitral annular velocity, GLS global left ventricular strain, FAC fractional area change, TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RVFWs right ventricular free-wall strain, E early-transmitralflow velocity, A late-transmitral flow velocity, E/A, ratio of early- to late-transmitral flow velocity, Em, early-diastolic mitral annular velocity, Am late-diastolic mitral annular velocity, E/Em ratio of early-transmitral flow velocity to diastolic mitral annular velocity, MPI, myocardial performance index, TvE early-transtricuspid flow velocity, TvA late-transtricuspid flow velocity;TvE/A, ratio of early- to late-transtricuspid flow velocity, TvE/Et, ratio of early-transtricuspid flow velocity to diastolic tricuspid annular velocity
  2. *Pa < 0.05 compared with the corresponding parameters before and immediately after drainage; Pb < 0.05 compared with the corresponding parameters before and 24 h after drainage;Pc < 0.05 compared with the corresponding value immediately after drainage and the value 24 h after drainage
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

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