|
Underlying health conditions
| | | | |
|
Age group (years old)
|
|
≤ 64
|
(1.00)
| |
(1.00)
| |
|
65–74
|
2.46
|
1.27–4.74
|
1.61
|
0.80–3.26
|
|
75–84
|
2.49
|
1.37–4.53
|
1.37
|
0.70–2.69
|
|
≥ 85
|
3.98
|
2.21–7.16
|
2.15
|
1.08–4.28
|
|
HCAP criteria
|
|
Hospitalization ≥2 days within 90 days
|
2.96
|
2.03–4.31
|
2.21
|
1.36–3.60
|
|
Nursing home resident
|
2.16
|
1.44–3.24
|
1.53
|
0.92–2.56
|
|
Chronic dialysis within 30 days
|
2.48
|
0.92–6.66
| | |
|
Home care a
|
7.00
|
2.69–18.23
|
5.84
|
2.28–14.99
|
|
Male gender
|
1.84
|
1.26–2.69
|
1.78
|
1.16–2.75
|
|
Comorbid illnesses
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
1.53
|
0.97–2.40
| | |
|
Liver disease
|
1.75
|
0.93–3.29
|
1.77
|
0.87–3.61
|
|
Renal disease
|
1.54
|
0.92–2.61
| | |
|
Neoplastic disease
|
2.18
|
1.49–3.18
|
1.82
|
1.17–2.85
|
|
Chronic lung disease
|
1.28
|
0.86–1.90
| | |
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
1.22
|
0.80–1.86
| | |
|
Dementia
|
1.69
|
1.09–2.63
| | |
|
Risk factors for aspiration
|
|
Witnessed aspiration
|
1.72
|
1.16–2.55
| | |
|
Chronic impaired conscious level
|
2.71
|
1.28–4.98
|
1.75
|
0.81–3.76
|
|
Chronic neurologic disorders
|
0.80
|
0.37–1.76
| | |
|
Foreign bodies interfering with swallowing
|
1.28
|
0.29–5.56
|
0.43
|
0.10–1.87
|
|
Bed-ridden state
|
2.49
|
1.53–4.06
| | |
|
Body mass index
|
|
< 18.5
|
2.63
|
1.72–4.04
|
1.99
|
1.25–3.16
|
|
18.5–24.9
|
(1.00)
| |
(1.00)
| |
|
≥ 25
|
0.79
|
0.36–1.70
|
1.10
|
0.77–3.99
|
|
CURB score
|
|
0
|
(1.00)
| |
(1.00)
| |
|
1
|
2.38
|
1.30–4.33
|
1.87
|
1.01–3.46
|
|
2
|
5.04
|
2.74–9.25
|
3.65
|
1.95–6.82
|
|
3
|
7.45
|
3.71–14.99
|
4.90
|
2.22–10.81
|
|
4
|
35.78
|
9.88–129.59
|
29.14
|
6.07–139.74
|
