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Table 2 Weighted regression results of smoking within 5 min of waking on asthma outcomes

From: Earlier smoking after waking and the risk of asthma: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data

Model

Covariate

Outcome

Lifetime Asthma

Past-Year Asthma

Past-Year Asthma Attack

OR (95% CI)

p- value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Unadjusted

Smoking within 5 min. (vs. >  5 min.)

1.71 (1.26–2.31)

p = .001

1.72 (1.22–2.43)

p = .003

1.66 (1.04–2.67)

p = .038

Adjusted for smoking behaviora

Smoking within 5 min. (vs. >  5 min.)

1.47 (1.11–1.93)

p = .008

1.46 (1.06–2.01)

p = .024

1.31 (0.82–2.09)

p = .268

Adjusted for smokinga and other covariatesb

Smoking within 5 min. (vs. >  5 min.)

4.05 (1.35–12.14)

p = .015

3.95 (0.93–16.84)

p = .069

5.45 (0.85–34.88)

p = .079

Smoking within 5 min x SHS

0.23 (0.08–0.71)

p = .014

0.20 (0.04–0.90)

p = .041

0.18 (0.02–1.31)

p = .096

Smoking within 5 min x sex

3.21 (1.56–6.64)

p = .003

  1. Results are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval), p-value. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < .05)
  2. a Smoking covariates: cigarettes per day and years of smoking duration
  3. b Other covariates: depression, obesity, family history of asthma, secondhand smoke exposure (SHS), age, sex, race/ethnicity, and interactions of smoking within 5 min with secondhand smoke exposure and sex. Interaction terms are only included in the model if p < .10