Early life vitamin D status and asthma and wheeze: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shen, Song-Ying; Xiao, Wan-Qing; Lu, Jin-Hua; Yuan, Ming-Yang; He, Jian-Rong; Xia, Hui-Min; Qiu, Xiu; Cheng, Kar Keung; Lam, Kin Bong Hubert

doi:10.1186/s12890-018-0679-4

Table 5 Summary ORs of wheeze and vitamin D status (highest versus lowest category) in cohort studies, according to selected subgroups

From: Early life vitamin D status and asthma and wheeze: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Early life blood vitamin D levels					Early life vitamin D intake
Subgroup	Studies (Ref. no.)	No. of studies	OR (95% CI)	I²	Studies (Ref. no.)	No. of studies	OR (95% CI)	I²
Window of exposure assessment
During pregnancy (mother)	[22, 30, 31, 33, 37]	5	0.93 [0.76, 1.12]	9%	[21, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55]	6	0.66 [0.53, 0.82]	52%
Cord blood	[21, 40, 42]	3	0.83 [0.51, 1.35]	58%	–	–	–	–
During infancy (infant)	[42]	1	1.88 [0.89, 3.98]
Age at outcome assessment
≤3y	[21, 29, 30, 37, 40, 42]	6	0.93 [0.77, 1.12]	26%	[21, 48, 51, 54]	4	0.68 [0.53, 0.88]	63%
> 3y	[22, 30, 31, 33, 37]	5	1.09 [0.89, 1.33]	11%	[49, 55]	2	0.57 [0.35, 0.93]	48%
Latitude
Tropics or subtropics (more intense UVR) (≤40°N/S)	[21, 30, 31]	3	0.83 [0.60, 1.14]	47%	[21, 48, 54]	3	0.81 [0.61, 1.07]	7%
Temperate (40–66.5°N/S)	[22, 33, 37, 40, 42]	5	0.95 [0.77, 1.18]	21%	[49, 51, 55]	3	0.47 [0.33, 0.68]	35%
Adjusted for family history of atopy
No	[40]	1	0.36 [0.14, 0.89]	–	[21, 55]	2	0.84 [0.47, 1.49]	46%
Yes	[21, 22, 30, 31, 33, 37, 42]	7	0.95 [0.79, 1.14]	0%	[48, 49, 51, 54]	4	0.63 [0.49, 0.80]	61%
Adjusted for seasonality
No	[22, 30, 31, 40]	4	0.78 [0.60, 1.01]	51%	[21, 48, 54, 55]	4	0.79 [0.61, 1.03]	0%
Yes	[21, 33, 37, 42]	4	1.05 [0.82, 1.33]	0%	[49, 51]	2	0.37 [0.24, 0.58]	0%
Blood 25(OH)D measurement
LC-MS/MS (gold standard)	[21, 30, 33, 37, 40, 42]	6	0.97 [0.79, 1.19]	10%	–	–	–	–
Other methods	[22, 31]	2	0.76 [0.53, 1.10]	60%	–	–	–	–
Risk of bias
Moderate	[22, 30, 33, 37]	4	0.99 [0.81, 1.21]	0%	[48, 49, 51, 54]	4	0.63 [0.49, 0.80]	61%
High	[21, 31, 40, 42]	4	0.69 [0.47, 1.01]	52%	[21, 55]	2	0.84 [0.47, 1.49]	46%
Overall	[21, 22, 30, 31, 33, 37, 40, 42]	8	0.91 [0.76, 1.09]	25%	[21, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55]	6	0.66 [0.53, 0.82]	52%

LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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