Table 3 Parameters independently associated with severe exacerbations/ hospitalizations; n = 357
From: Adherence to inhaled therapy and its impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
| Â | OR (95% CI) crude | OR (95% CI) adjusted |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
 Female | Reference | Reference |
 Male | 0.89 (0.58; 1.38) | 0.95 (0.57; 1.57) |
Age (years) | ||
  <  50 | Reference | Reference |
 50–60 | 1.68 (0.56; 5.06) | 0.87 (0.26; 2.90) |
 60–70 | 2.12 (0.74; 6.07) | 1.00 (0.32; 3.13) |
  > 70 | 1.12 (0.39; 3.21) | 0.71 (0.22; 2.24) |
FEV1 | ||
  > 80% pred. | Reference | Reference |
 50–80% pred. | 0.86 (0.39; 1.88) | 0.94 (0.40; 2.24) |
 30–50% pred. | 2.09 (0.92; 4.75) | 2.50 (1.02; 6.13) |
  < 30% pred. | 10.69 (2.99;38.24) | 13.62 (3.11; 59.63) |
Smoking status | ||
 Current smoker | Reference | Reference |
 Former smoker | 1.11 (0.71; 1.73) | 1.19 (0.70; 2.02) |
 Never smoker | 0.67 (0.21; 2.12) | 0.82 (0.23; 2.92) |
Adherence to therapy | ||
 Complete (≥ 80%) | Reference | Reference |
 Partial (50–80%) | 0.77 (0.44; 1.35) | 0.95 (0.50; 1.78) |
 Low (<  50%) | 0.44 (0.27; 0.71) | 0.58 (0.33; 1.02) |