Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the RCTs
study,year | Numbers of patients | Delivery method | Type of surfactant | Surfactant dosing(Total) | Treatment duration | Predisposing event |
Weg 1994 [9] | 51(S,34;C,17) | Aerosolized | exosurf(no surfactant protein) | 21.9 or 43.5 mg DPPC/Kg/day | 120 h | sepsis |
Anzueto 1996 [10] | 725(S,364;C,361) | Aerosolized | exosurf(no surfactant protein) | 112 mg DPPC/Kg/day | 5 days | sepsis |
Gregory 1997 [11] | 59(S,43;C,16) | Intratracheal | bovine lung extract(containing SP-B.C) | 150 or 2100 or 3100 mg/kg | 96 h | trauma,aspiration,transfusions,sepsis |
Spragg 2003 [12] | 40(S,27;C,13) | Intratracheal | Venticute(rSP-C-based surfactant) | 11 or 20.5 ml/kg | 24 h | burn,aspiration,sepsis,pneumonia,trauma,pancreatitis |
Spragg 2004(ES) [13] | 227(S,118;C,109) | Intratracheal | rSP-C-based surfactant | 1 ml/kg | 24 h | trauma,aspiration,transfusions,sepsis,burn,toxic injury |
Spragg 2004(NA) [13] | 221(S,106;C,115) | Intratracheal | rSP-C-based surfactant | 1 ml/kg | 24 h | trauma,aspiration,transfusions,sepsis,burn,toxic injury |
Tsangaris 2007 [14] | 16(S,8;C,8) | Intratracheal | natural bovine surfactant | 200 mg/kg | 72 h | blunt chest trauma |
Kesecioglu 2009 [15] | 418(S,208;C,210) | Intratracheal | natural(porcine)(containing SP-B.C) | 600 mg/kg | 36 h | sepsis,trauma,aspiration,shock,pneumonia |
Spragg 2011 [16] | 843(S,419;C,424) | Intratracheal | rSP-C-based surfactant | 1 ml/kg | 96 h | aspiration,pneumonia |
Lu 2010 [17] | 20(S,10;C,10) | Intratracheal | HL-10(containing SP-B.C) | 600 mg/kg | 36 h | bronchopneumonia,aspiration pneumonia,lung contusion,sepsis |
Willson 2015 [18] | 308(S,151;C,157) | Intratracheal | Pneumasurf(containing SP-B.C) | 30 mg per centimeter of height | 12 h | viral,bacterial and aspiration pneumonia,et al |
study,year | Initial APACHE II Score | Initial PaO2/FiO2 | Enrolled hospitals | The limitation of enrolled study | ||
Weg 1994 [9] | C:14.2(6.4) S1: 16.5(6.7) S2:15.7(6.6) | C:146.5(20.4) S1:124.2(11.8) S2:161.5(16.2) | 20 tertiary care medical centers throughout the United States | Small sample | ||
Anzueto 1996 [10] | Not available | C:140(64) S:145(82) | Medical–surgical intensive care units of 63 hospitals in nine countries | Complex causes of ARDS; Inadequate efficiency of surfactant reached the lungs; Incomplete surfactant preparation | ||
Gregory 1997 [11] | Not available | C:128(71–286) S1:98(84–402); S2:124(40–234) S3: 133(77–401) | Five clinical centers: The Ohio State University Hospital (Columbus, OH); St. Louis University Health Sciences Center (St. Louis, MO); Harborview Medical Center (Seattle, WA);University of California, San Diego; and UCLA Medical Center(Los Angeles, CA) | Complex causes of ARDS; Inadequate efficiency of surfactant reached the lungs | ||
Spragg 2003 [12] | C:10.9(1.1) S1: 10.2(1.2) S2:10.1(1.7) | C:133.6(8.9) S:113.9(8.3) | Hospitals in North America | Small sample; Inadequate efficiency of surfactant reached the lungs | ||
Spragg 2004(ES) [13] | C:16.6(5.8) S:17.4(7.5) | C:136(39) S:137(40) | 55 centers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. | Narrow treatment window | ||
Spragg 2004(NA) [13] | C:17.9(6.6) S:18.6(6.1) | C:130(39) S:132(40) | 54 centers in Canada and the United States | Narrow treatment window | ||
Tsangaris 2007 [14] | C:16(4) S:15(3) | C:103(14) S:100(20) | 14-bed ICU in Greece | Small sample; a single and reduced surfactant dose | ||
Kesecioglu 2009 [15] | C:25.2(7.3) S:25.7(8.2) | C:161.4(55.2) S:156.7(54.8) | 67 medical centers in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom | Different confounding factors; Heterogeneous nature of ALI/ARDS population; Definition of ALI/ARDS | ||
Spragg 2011 [16] | C:17.8(0.32) S:18(0.33) | C:124.1(1.32) S:123.8(1.3) | Intensive care units of 161 medical centers in 22 countries. | Complex causes of ARDS | ||
Lu 2010 [17] | Not available | C:200(63) S:201(64) | multidisciplinary ICU of La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, | Small sample | ||
Willson 2015 [18] | C:60(28) S:63(31) | C1:147, S1:135 C2:143, S2:136 | Intensive care units of 34 medical centers in 6 countries | Complex causes of ARDS | ||