Table 2 Patient characteristics
n (%) | |
|---|---|
Total number of patients | 217 |
Mean age in years | 51.7 ± 14.6 |
Male gender | 152 (70.0%) |
Current Smokers | 27 (12.4%) |
Cause of immunosuppression: | |
HIV/ AIDS | 59 (27.2%) |
High dose corticosteroid | 16 (7.4%) |
Steroid-sparing immunosuppressive medication | 44 (20.3%) |
Solid organ transplant | 15 (6.9%) |
Bone marrow transplant | 33 (15.7%) |
Hematologic malignancy | 95 (43.8%) |
Leukemia | 55 (25.3%) |
Lymphoma | 28 (12.9%) |
Myelodysplastic syndrome | 6 (2.8%) |
Multiple myeloma | 3 (1.4%) |
Chemotherapy | 104 (47.9%) |
Neutropenia | 72 (33.2%) |
Co-morbidities: | |
Cardiac (e.g. heart failure, ischemic heart disease) | 9 (4.1%) |
Pulmonary (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) | 23 (10.6%) |
Hepatic (e.g. chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis) | 21 (9.7%) |
Renal (e.g. chronic kidney disease) | 13 (6.0%) |
Treatment at the time of BAL: | |
Antibiotics | 192 (88.5%) |
Median duration, days (IQR) | 5 (2 - 10) |
Antivirals | 103 (47.5%) |
Antifungals | 83 (38.2%) |
Clinical presentation: | |
Fever | 146 (67.3%) |
Cough | 116 (53.5%) |
Dyspnea | 79 (36.4%) |
Pleurisy | 19 (8.8%) |
Median symptom duration, days (IQR) | 14 (8–22.5) |
Radiologic presentation on CT: | n = 181 |
Consolidation | 121 (66.9%) |
Ground glass opacities | 93 (51.3%) |
Nodules | 63 (34.8%) |
Cavitation | 20 (11.0%) |
Tree-in-bud appearance | 18 (9.9%) |
Reticular pattern | 11 (6.1%) |