Table 5 Univariate and multiple logistic regression for diagnostic yield (^*p < 0.05)

Male Gender

1.655 (0.918–2.983)

0.094

Mean age in years

0.995 (0.976–1.014)

0.586

Current smokers

1.109 (0.482–2.552)

0.808

 High dose corticosteroids

0.621 (0.224–1.723)

0.360

 HIV/ AIDS

3.364 (1.659–6.820)

0.001^*

 Steroid-sparing immunosuppressive medication

1.029 (0.522–2.029)

0.935

 Solid organ transplant

0.963 (0.330–2.811)

0.946

 Bone marrow transplant

1.217 (0.567–2.610)

0.614

 Hematologic malignancy

0.501 (0.288–0.871)

0.014^*

  Leukemia

0.428 (0.230–0.798)

0.008^*

  Lymphoma

0.750 (0.348–1.614)

0.461

  Myelodysplastic

1.297 (0.232–7.240)

0.767

  Multiple myeloma

N.A.

N.A.

 Chemotherapy

0.350 (0.199–0.616)

< 0.001^*

 Neutropenia

0.720 (0.405–1.279)

0.263

 Mild (ANC 1000–1500/μl)

0.283 (0.081–0.984)

0.047

 Moderate (ANC 500–999/μl)

0.214 (0.155–1.518)

0.214

 Severe (ANC < 500/μl

1.024 (0.509–2.060)

0.946

 Fever

0.669 (0.362–1.236)

0.199

 Cough

1.665 (0.952–2.912)

0.074

 Dyspnea

1.437 (0.803–2.574)

0.222

 Pleurisy

1.066 (0.402–2.830)

0.898

 Symptom duration

1.021 (1.001–1.042)

0.039

 Antibiotics

0.960 (0.380–2.426)

0.931

 Duration of antibiotics

0.995 (0.964–1.028)

0.784

 Antifungals

0.961 (0.549–1.683)

0.889

 Antivirals

0.814 (0.471–1.405)

0.460

 Consolidation

1.115 (0.618–2.010)

0.718

 Ground glass opacities

0.966 (0.538–1.737)

0.909

 Tree-in-bud appearance

0.479 (0.177–1.298)

0.148

 Reticular pattern

2.261 (0.580–8.815)

0.240

 Nodules

0.688 (0.372–1.272)

0.233

 Cavitation

2.031 (0.743–5.554)

0.167

 Upper lobes

0.850 (0.492–1.468)

0.559

 Right middle lobe

0.741 (0.403–1.364)

0.335

 Lower lobes

1.140 (0.650–1.998)

0.647

Number of pulmonary segments sampled: ≥ 2 (reference one segment)

0.516 (0.270–0.987)

0.045^*