Reduced forced vital capacity is independently associated with ethnicity, metabolic factors and respiratory symptoms in a Caribbean population: a cross-sectional study

Sakhamuri, Sateesh; Lutchmansingh, Fallon; Simeon, Donald; Conyette, Liane; Burney, Peter; Seemungal, Terence

doi:10.1186/s12890-019-0823-9

Table 3 Mean adjusted^a pre and post-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values (in ml) by the various potential risk factors

From: Reduced forced vital capacity is independently associated with ethnicity, metabolic factors and respiratory symptoms in a Caribbean population: a cross-sectional study

Variable	Adjusted Pre-BD Mean FEV1	Adjusted Post-BD Mean FEV1	Adjusted Pre-BD Mean FVC	Adjusted Post-BD Mean FVC
Ethnicity	***	***	***	***
Indo-Caribbean	2085	2133	2661	2669
Afro-Caribbean	2212	2268	2853	2880
Mixed/ other	2284	2331	2951	2952
BMI group			*	*
Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m²)	2098	2146	2739	2736
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m²)	2198	2239	2859	2845
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m²)	2200	2257	2821	2852
Obese (≥30 kg/m²)	2119	2175	2693	2718
Waist circumference	***	***	***	***
Normal	2261	2300	2923	2917
Abnormal^b	2094	2158	2674	2710
Waist Hip ratio	***	***	***	***
Normal	2263	2308	2928	2919
Abnormal^c	2126	2182	2721	2748
Smoking status
Current smoker	2157	2242	2834	2894
Ex-smoker	2158	2196	2757	2769
Never smoker	2176	2223	2784	2791
Smoking pack years
Never	2176	2223	2783	2790
0–10	2217	2247	2809	2819
10–20	2152	2232	2795	2824
20+	2109	2192	2787	2852
Smoking and respiratory symptoms		*
Never smoker with no symptoms	2201	2257	2812	2819
Never smoker with symptoms	2119	2148	2720	2725
Ever smoker with no symptoms	2211	2261	2859	2876
Ever smoker with symptoms	2087	2173	2717	2780
Ever smoked cannabis			*	**
No	2167	2220	2777	2791
Yes	2255	2302	2984	2996
Second-hand smoking
No	2176	2234	2773	2817
Yes	2160	2200	2796	2777
Indoor air pollutant exposure (coal, wood or kerosene)	*	*	*
None	2203	2249	2838	2846
Exposure to one	2119	2188	2712	2742
Exposure to two	2223	2266	2821	2831
Exposure to all three	2089	2132	2735	2753
Worked in a dusty environment for > 1 year
No	2183	2227	2780	2784
Yes	2150	2216	2803	2835
Smoking exposure during childhood	*
No	2207	2250	2801	2818
Yes	2144	2203	2772	2794
Highest level of education	***	*	***
Primary/none	2137	2197	2747	2775
Secondary	2159	2212	2778	2805
Vocational	2228	2259	2847	2819
University	2363	2397	3027	2974
Education – years of schooling	*
0–6 years	2073	2162	2680	2730
7+ years	2182	2230	2801	2811
Current employment status
Employed	2195	2240	2805	2815
Not working	2152	2237	2788	2880
House person	2140	2215	2717	2753
Retired	2111	2164	2772	2775
Other	2361	2362	3082	3024

Significant p-values are shown and denoted by * < 0.05; ** < 0.005; *** < 0.001
^aAdjusted for age, sex, height and height-squared with covariates were fixed at the following values: Sex = 0.49; height = 166.43; height-squared = 27,818.0145; Age = 54.93
^bAbnormal waist circumference: ≥102 cm for males and ≥ 88 cm for females
^cAbnormal waist hip ratio: > 0.9 for males, > 0.85 for females

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ISSN: 1471-2466

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