Reduced forced vital capacity is independently associated with ethnicity, metabolic factors and respiratory symptoms in a Caribbean population: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Results of the general linear models analyses for the significant risk factors for post-bronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC)

Variables	Categories	Models with Individual Risk Factors^a			Multivariate Model^a			p-values (Multivariate model)
Variables	Categories	Coefficient (ml)	95% CI		Coefficient (ml)	95% CI		p-values (Multivariate model)
Ethnicity	Afro-Caribbean	Baseline						< 0.001
	Indo-Caribbean	−211	−302	−120	−180	−269	−90
	Mixed/Other	73	−35	180	79	−27	185
BMI^b	Normal	Baseline						0.01
	Underweight	−109	−261	44	−185	−330	−40
	Overweight	8	−77	93	68	−24	161
	Obese	− 127	−228	−26	−15	−128	98
Abnormal waist circumference^c	Yes	−207	− 296	−119	−172	−278	−66	< 0.001
Abnormal waist–hip ratio ^d	Yes	− 170	− 246	−95	−71	−145	2	0.057
Ever smoked cannabis	Yes	205	67	342	155	27	282	0.018

^aAll models included sex, age, height and height-squared. ^bNormal BMI = 18.5–25.0 Kg/m²; Underweight BMI < 18.5 Kg/m²; Overweight BMI = 25.0–29.9 Kg/m²; Obese BMI ≥30 Kg/m². ^c: Abnormal waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for males and ≥ 88 cm for females. ^d: Abnormal wait-hip ratio ≥ 0.90 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females

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