Variable | Afro-Caribbean | Indo-Caribbean | Mixed/ Others | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender |  |  |  | 0∙110 |
 Male | 169 (42.0%) | 191 (41.5%) | 83 (34.3%) |  |
 Female | 233 (58∙0%) | 269 (58.5%) | 159 (65.7%) |  |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | 0.076 |
 40–49 | 145 (36.1%) | 181 (39.3%) | 113 (46.7%) |  |
 50–59 | 134 (33.3%) | 136 (29.6%) | 68 (28.1%) |  |
 60–69 | 80 (19.9%) | 95 (20.7%) | 32 (13.2%) |  |
 70+ | 43 (10.7%) | 48 (10.4%) | 29 (12.0%) |  |
BMI groupa | Â | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 Underweight | 7 (1.7%) | 10 (2.2%) | 9 (3.7%) |  |
 Normal | 93 (23.1%) | 145 (31.5%) | 70 (28.9%) |  |
 Overweight | 134 (33.3%) | 167 (36.3%) | 80 (33.1%) |  |
 Obesity | 168 (41.8%) | 138 (30.0% | 83 (34.3%) |  |
Waist circumferenceb | Â | Â | Â | 0.751 |
 Abnormal | 236 (58.7%) | 262 (57.0%) | 144 (59.8%) |  |
Waist-Hip ratioc |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Abnormal | 238 (59.2%) | 352 (76.5%) | 156 (64.7%) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | 0.240 |
 Current | 56 (13.9%) | 61 (13.3%) | 40 (16.5%) |  |
 Ex | 54 (13.4%) | 52 (11.3%) | 39 (16.1%) |  |
 Never | 292 (72.6%) | 347 (75.4%) | 163 (67.4%) |  |
Smoking pack years | Â | Â | Â | 0.244 |
 Never | 293 (72.9%) | 347 (75.6%) | 163 (67.4%) |  |
 0–10 | 35 (8.7%) | 41 (8.9%) | 26 (10.7%) |  |
 10–20 | 25 (6.2%) | 28 (6.1%) | 24 (9.9%) |  |
 20+ | 49 (12.2%) | 43 (9.4%) | 29 (12.0%) |  |
Ever smoked Cannabis |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 49 (12.6%) | 19 (4.2%) | 28 (11.7%) |  |
Exposure to second-hand smoke |  |  |  | 0∙001 |
 Yes | 112 (27.9%) | 184 (40.0%) | 76 (31.4%) |  |
Indoor air pollutant exposure |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 198 (49.2%) | 310 (67.3%) | 107 (44.2%) |  |
Worked in dusty environment > 1 year |  |  |  | 0.001 |
 Yes | 174 (43.3%) | 153 (33.3%) | 72 (29.8%) |  |
Smoking exposure during childhood |  |  |  | 0∙740 |
 Yes | 234 (58.2%) | 261 (56.8%) | 146 (60.3%) |  |
Have respiratory symptoms | Â | Â | Â | 0.335 |
 Yes | 128 (31.8%) | 165 (35.8%) | 89 (36.7%) |  |
Highest level of education |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Primary / None | 190 (47.3%) | 243 (52.8%) | 88 (36.4%) |  |
 Secondary | 113 (28.1%) | 144 (31.3%) | 93 (38.4%) |  |
 Vocational | 72 (17.9%) | 54 (11.7%) | 43 (17.8%) |  |
 University | 27 (6.7%) | 19 (4.1%) | 18 (7.4%) |  |
Years of schooling | Â | Â | Â | 0.200 |
 7 or more | 368 (91.5%) | 405 (88.0%) | 220 (90.9%) |  |
Current employment status |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Employed | 241 (60.0%) | 241 (52.4%) | 133 (55.0%) |  |
 Not working | 16 (4.0%) | 9 (2.0%) | 15 (6.2%) |  |
 House person | 34 (8.5%) | 139 (30.2%) | 42 (17.4%) |  |
 Retired | 95 (23.6%) | 69 (15.0%) | 46 (19.0%) |  |
 Other | 16 (4.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 6 (2.5%) |  |