Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for recurrence-free survival using a proportional hazard model
From: The impact of emphysema on surgical outcomes of early-stage lung cancer: a retrospective study
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variablea | HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Sex | Male | 2.171 | 1.293–3.647 | 0.002 | |||
| Female | 1 | ||||||
| Age | 1.028 | 0.998–1.058 | 0.065 | ||||
| BMI | 0.944 | 0.871–1. | 0.155 | ||||
| Smoking Index | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | < 0.001 | 1.000 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.006 | |
| VC (%) | 0.984 | 0.970–0.998 | 0.029 | 0.985 | 0.971–0.999 | 0.032 | |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 0.965 | 0.945–0.986 | 0.001 | ||||
| COPD | No | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 1.806 | 1.134–2.874 | 0.013 | ||||
| Surgical procedure | Sublobar resection | 1 | |||||
| Lobectomy | 0.940 | 0.598–1.476 | 0.787 | ||||
| Tumor size | 1.288 | 1.054–1.575 | 0.013 | ||||
| Histology | Adenocarcinoma | 1 | |||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 2.034 | 1.199–3.450 | 0.008 | ||||
| Other | 3.146 | 1.426–6.942 | 0.005 | ||||
| Histologic grade | Well differentiated | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderately differentiated | 2.800 | 1.647–4.760 | < 0.001 | 1.934 | 1.111–3.367 | 0.020 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 3.605 | 1.933–6.722 | < 0.001 | 2.026 | 1.048–3.915 | 0.036 | |
| Pleural invasion | Absent | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Present | 2.713 | 1.734–4.246 | < 0.001 | 1.845 | 1.154–2.951 | 0.011 | |
| Emphysema | Absent | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Present | 2.807 | 1.749–4.504 | < 0.001 | 2.122 | 1.173–3.839 | 0.013 | |
