Anticholinergics aggravate the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 1 Anthropometric, functional characteristics between COPD with tiotropium and controls

Characteristic	Patients with tiotropium (n = 24)	Controls (n = 36)	p Value
Male, n (%)	20 (83.3)	34 (94.4)	–
Age (yr)	64 ± 9	65 ± 8	0.185
BMI (kg/m²)	24.48 ± 3.09	25.07 ± 3. 78	0.156
FVC (L)	2.73 ± 0.58	2.82 ± 0.60	0.648
FEV₁ (L)	1.41 ± 0.36	1.67 ± 0.43	0.299
FEV₁(% predicted)	50.26 ± 10.27	57.88 ± 13.45	0.069
FEV₁/FVC (%)	51.81 ± 8.19	58.95 ± 6.77	0.238

Data are presented as mean ± SD
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI body mass index, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in the first second

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