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Table 3 Prevalence of COPD in the general Anhui Chinese population aged 40 years or older, by demographic, and social characteristics

From: Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Anhui Province, China: a population-based survey

 

Overall

Men

Women

Cases/total (n/N)

Prevalence of COPD (95% CI)

Cases/total (n/N)

Prevalence of COPD (95% CI)

Cases/total (n/N)

Prevalence of COPD (95% CI)

Residence

 Urban

156/1668

10.1 (6.4, 15.6)

116/770

15.3 (9.3, 24.4)

40/898

5.2 (2.5, 10.4)

 Rural

116/1102

9.4 (6.1, 14.2)

94/592

13.8 (8.3, 22.2)

22/510

5.3 (3.7, 7.5)

 P value

 

0.790

 

0.755

 

0.905

Educational level

 Primary school or lower

177/1690

11.0 (9.1, 13.3)

126/668

19.8 (16.5, 23.5)

51/1022

6.3 (3.7, 10.5)

 Secondary school

69/774

7.9 (5.8, 10.6)

62/497

11.1 (8.6, 14.2)

7/277

1.9 (0.5, 6.6)

 Higher or further education

25/305

8.0 (5.2, 12.1)

21/196

9.8 (6.8, 14.1)

4/109

4.1 (1.3, 12.0)

 P value for trend

 

0.030

 

0.001

 

0.075

Smoking status

 Never smoker

92/1758

5.6 (3.8, 8.3)

34/386

7.9 (6.0, 10.3)

58/1372

5.0 (2.8, 9.0)

 Former smoker

41/231

13.0 (2.9, 42.2)

41/219

13.7 (2.9, 45.3)

0/12

0

 Current smoker

138/780

18.1 (11.7, 26.9)

134/756

18.1 (11.4, 27.4)

4/24

17.8 (5.9, 42.8)

 P value

 

0.037

 

0.230

 

0.184

Smoking exposure (pack-years)

 Pack-years = 0

92/1754

5.6 (3.8, 8.3)

34/385

7.9 (6.0,10.3)

58/1369

5.0 (2.8,9.0)

 0 < pack-years< 15

31/269

12.6 (6.4,23.5)

30/251

13.1 (6.2–25.5)

1/18

6.2 (0.5,48.8)

 15 ≤ pack-years< 30

45/297

10.9 (4.7,23.3)

45/292

11.0 (4.7–23.6)

0/5

0

 Pack-years≥30

97/398

26.1 (18.1,36.0)

94/389

25.7 (18.5,34.6)

3/9

38.6 (7.3,83.4)

 P value for trend

 

0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.116

Hospital admission for severe pulmonary disease in childhood

 Yes

3/53

4.0 (0.6, 23.3)

2/26

5.3 (0.2, 59.8)

1/27

3.2 (0.3, 29.8)

 No

268/2716

9.9 (8.4, 11.5)

207/1335

14.8 (13.0, 16.8)

61/1381

5.3 (3.1, 8.8)

 P value

 

0.189

 

0.333

 

0.552

Indoor exposure to biomass for cooking or heating

 Yes

110/961

11.0 (9.5, 12.7)

90/489

18.7 (15.9, 21.8)

20/472

5.0 (3.5, 7.1)

 No

161/1808

8.9 (6.7, 11.6)

119/872

12.2 (10.5, 14.0)

42/936

5.4 (2.5, 11.4)

 P value

 

0.090

 

0.007

 

0.739

Indoor exposure to coal for cooking or heating

 Yes

58/518

11.5 (9.8, 13.4)

49/250

19.3 (16.9, 21.9)

9/268

4.2 (1.8, 9.5)

 No

213/2251

9.0 (7.1, 11.5)

160/1111

12.7 (10.8, 14.9)

53/1140

5.6 (3.2, 9.9)

 P value

 

0.075

 

0.006

 

0.352

Exposure to dust or chemicals in the workplace

 Yes

120/1152

9.6 (7.5, 12.3)

101/640

14.5 (11.4, 18.1)

19/512

4.9 (2.7, 8.7)

 No

151/1617

9.9 (7.4, 13.1)

108/721

14.7 (11.8, 18.3)

43/896

5.5 (2.9, 10.2)

 P value

 

0.850

 

0.873

 

0.606

Body-mass index (kg/m2)

 < 18.5

6/42

9.5 (1.8, 37.9)

5/23

17.8 (5.9, 43.1)

1/19

2.7 (0.1, 44.9)

 18.5–23.9

137/1173

12.4 (7.4, 19.9)

114/602

20.0 (12.5, 30.4)

23/571

5.1 (2.1, 12.0)

 24.0–27.9

99/1114

8.9 (7.2, 10.9)

70/547

10.9 (8.3, 14.2)

29/567

6.9 (3.6, 12.6)

 ≥28.0

30/441

6.3 (5.4, 7.4)

21/190

11.5 (7.5, 17.1)

9/251

2.5 (1.0, 5.9)

 P value for trend

 

0.094

 

0.044

 

0.135

  1. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease