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Table 4 Association (OR, 99% CI) a between presence of farm animals within 500 m and primary outcomes among ACOS patients in the study area (significant associations in bold)

From: Patients with overlapping diagnoses of asthma and COPD: is livestock exposure a risk factor for comorbidity and coexisting symptoms and infections?

Presence of farm animals within 500 m (yes/no)d

Comorbidity

Mink

Poultry

Pigs

Cattle

GERD

4.6 (0.52–40.9)

1.47 (0.34–6.36)

1.3 (0.4–4.19)

0.93 (0.32–2.72)

Osteoporosis

i.n.c

1.13 (0.18–7.02)

1.22 (0.29–5.0)

0.91 (0.25–3.31)

Diabetes mellitus

2.26 (0.24–20.8)

1.63 (0.56–4.69)

1.15 (0.47–2.8)

1.05 (0.49–2.26)

Anxiety

i.n.c

i.n.c

0.56 (0.08–4.09)

1.61 (0.43–5.98)

Depression

i.n.c

1.64 (0.43–6.29)

1.1 (0.37–3.28)

0.59 (0.21–1.66)

Lung cancer

i.n.c

2.26 (0.12–42.7)

i.n.c

i.n.c

Hypertension

0.8 (0.09–7.31)

1.04 (0.41–2.66)

1.23 (0.6–2.53)

1.07 (0.57–2.02)

Rheumatoid arthritis

i.n.c

3.02 (0.49–18.5)

0.36 (0.02–5.67)

0.42 (0.05–3.2)

Heart disease (risk) cluster*

0.6 (0.07–5.1)

1.4 (0.55–3.59)

1.17 (0.57–2.41)

0.77 (0.42–1.41)

Total prevalence b

0.47 (0.06–3.82)

1.14 (0.42–3.09)

1.02 (0.48–2.19)

0.78 (0.4–1.49)

Number c

1.05 (0.44–2.51)

1.21 (0.84–1.75)

1.00 (0.73–1.35)

0.89 (0.68–1.15)

Coexisting symptoms & infections

Pneumonia

1.4 (0.08–25.5)

1.16 (0.3–4.52)

0.76 (0.23–2.47)

2.48 (1.05–5.84)*

Sleep problems

i.n.c

0.72 (0.1–5.19)

0.96 (0.26–3.55)

1.28 (0.4–4.08)

Memory/Concentration problems

i.n.c

i.n.c

i.n.c

i.n.c

Upper respiratory tract infections

2.69 (0.36–19.8)

0.54 (0.16–1.84)

0.54 (0.21–1.39)

0.86 (0.41–1.77)

Respiratory symptoms

0.67 (0.04–11.0)

1.48 (0.54–4.1)

0.66 (0.26–1.65)

0.87 (0.43–1.77)

Dizziness/Vertigo

i.n.c

0.66 (0.04–9.88)

0.67 (0.09–4.92)

0.56 (0.1–3.05)

Anemia

i.n.c

1.88 (0.48–7.34)

1.06 (0.3–3.67)

1.1 (0.38–3.2)

Allergic rhinitis/Hay fever

i.n.c

0.89 (0.12–6.6)

0.17 (0.01–2.47)

1.53 (0.44–5.28)

Total prevalence b

0.57 (0.08–4.07)

0.73 (0.3–1.77)

0.42 (0.21–0.84)*

0.74 (0.42–1.33)

Numberc

0.84 (0.26–2.69)

0.97 (0.6–1.58)

0.66 (0.44–1.01)

1.03 (0.76–1.4)

  1. aAdjusted for age and gender
  2. bPatients with at least one of the investigated outcomes
  3. cCount variables, incidence rate ratios (IRR) are provided
  4. Abbreviations: ORs Odds ratios, CI Confidence intervals, GERD Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, i.n.c Insufficient number of cases
  5. dAnalyses in relation to goats were not feasible due to the small number of cases
  6. *p < 0.01