Skip to main content

Table 6 Association (OR, 99% CI) a between fine dust and ammonia emissions from livestock farms and primary outcomes among ACOS patients in the study area

From: Patients with overlapping diagnoses of asthma and COPD: is livestock exposure a risk factor for comorbidity and coexisting symptoms and infections?

 

Modeled emissions from farms

Comorbidity

Log-weighted fine dust emission

Log-weighted ammonia (NH3) emission

Within 500m

Within 1000m

Within 500m

Within 1000m

GERD

1.24 (0.55 – 2.79)

0.96 (0.65 – 1.44)

1.22 (0.52 – 2.88)

1.08 (0.59 – 1.98)

Osteoporosis

0.87 (0.33 – 2.33)

1.1 (0.66 – 1.82)

0.76 (0.26 – 2.2)

1.06 (0.52 – 2.15)

Diabetes mellitus

1.13 (0.62 – 2.06)

0.95 (0.7 – 1.27)

1.11 (0.58 – 2.1)

1.00 (0.65 – 1.55)

Anxiety

0.98 (0.32 – 2.95)

0.75 (0.48 – 1.16)

1.12 (0.36 – 3.46)

0.74 (0.37 – 1.5)

Depression

0.93 (0.44 – 1.96)

0.77 (0.57 – 1.05)

0.84 (0.38 – 1.87)

0.67 (0.42 – 1.08)

Lung cancer

0.37 (0.02 – 5.24)

0.94 (0.35 – 2.5)

0.21 (0.01 – 6.37)

0.83 (0.21 – 3.29)

Hypertension

1.09 (0.67 – 1.77)

1.02 (0.8 – 1.31)

1.01 (0.6 – 1.69)

1.04 (0.73 – 1.48)

Rheumatoid arthritis

0.94 (0.25 – 3.55)

1.06 (0.54 – 2.08)

0.72 (0.16 – 3.18)

0.82 (0.34 – 1.94)

Heart disease (risk) cluster*

0.98 (0.61 – 1.57)

0.95 (0.74 – 1.22)

0.87 (0.52 – 1.45)

0.94 (0.65 – 1.37)

Total prevalenceb

0.92 (0.56 – 1.52)

0.87 (0.66 – 1.14)

0.79 (0.46 – 1.35)

0.79 (0.52 – 1.18)

Numberc

0.98 (0.8 – 1.2)

0.96 (0.87 – 1.07)

0.93 (0.75 – 1.15)

0.96 (0.83 – 1.11)

Coexisting symptoms & infections

Pneumonia

1.5 (0.74 – 3.0)

1.01 (0.71 – 1.46)

1.59 (0.76 – 3.33)

1.04 (0.62 – 1.75)

Sleep problems

0.91 (0.38 – 2.2)

0.9 (0.6 – 1.37)

0.99 (0.39 – 2.5)

0.75 (0.41 – 1.36)

Memory/Concentration problems

i.n.c

0.78 (0.42 – 1.46)

i.n.c

0.53 (0.21 – 1.36)

Upper respiratory tract infections

0.74 (0.42 – 1.32)

0.94 (0.72 – 1.24)

0.75 (0.41 – 1.38)

0.98 (0.65 – 1.48)

Respiratory symptoms

1.04 (0.6 – 1.81)

0.94 (0.72 – 1.22)

0.86 (0.47 – 1.57)

0.87 (0.6 – 1.28)

Dizziness/Vertigo

0.65 (0.18 – 2.37)

1.17 (0.61 – 2.22)

0.62 (0.15 – 2.47)

1.14 (0.48 – 2.69)

Anemia

1.14 (0.5 – 2.6)

0.89 (0.59 – 1.34)

1.12 (0.46 – 2.7)

0.79 (0.43 – 1.46)

Allergic rhinitis/Hay fever

0.84 (0.3 – 2.3)

1.04 (0.65 – 1.68)

0.69 (0.23 – 2.1)

0.93 (0.47 – 1.81)

Total prevalenceb

0.69 (0.44 – 1.09)

0.9 (0.72 – 1.14)

0.64 (0.4 – 1.04)

0.79 (0.57 – 1.1)

Numberc

0.92 (0.72 – 1.18)

0.96 (0.85 – 1.07)

0.88 (0.68 – 1.15)

0.91 (0.77 – 1.07)

  1. Abbreviations: ORs Odds ratios, CI Confidence intervals, GERD Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, i.n.c Insufficient number of cases
  2. aAdjusted for age and gender. OR (99% CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in log-transformed exposure. IQR for ln(fine dust within 500m) = 7.6, IQR for ln(fine dust within 1000m) = 2.4, IQR for ln (ammonia within 500m) = 4.86, IQR for ln (ammonia within 500m) = 2.24
  3. bPatients with at least one of the investigated outcomes
  4. cCount variables, incidence rate ratios (IRR) are provided
  5. *p<0.01