Table 2 The levels of serum biomarkers in healthy controls and patients
Serum | Healthy (N = 26) | Transudates (N = 11) | Noninfectious exudates (N = 22) | UPPE (N = 40) | CPPE (N = 17) | Empyema (N = 21) | PPE (N = 78) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NGAL (ng/ml) | 47.8; 44.7 (35.6–59.0) | 53.4; 49.3 (34.5–60.1) | 53.0; 52.8 (33.9–68.1) | 165.0; 148.4 (88.1–219.6) | 322.0; 271.2 (187.6–443.4) | 394.1; 330.3 (184.1–600.7) | 260.9; 206.7 (117.5–322.0) |
Calprotectin (ug/ml) | 1.3; 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.6; 1.5 (1.1–1.8) | 1.6; 1.6 (1.1–1.9) | 4.6; 3.5 (1.8–5.9) | 8.6; 6.7 (4.5–11.9) | 9.5; 7.1 (5.1–12.2) | 6.8; 5.3 (2.8–8.5) |
BPI (pg/ml) | 23.8; 21.5 (8.9–33.2) | 40.1; 41.4 (7.8–61.7) | 50.7; 40.0 (7.8–81.5) | 134.3; 140.9 (103.7–167.2) | 145.5; 137.4 (96.0–169.7) | 155.8; 144.2 (98.1–207.3) | 142.5; 141.2 (101.3–169.2) |
AZU1 (ng/ml) | 14.3; 13.7 (5.1–20.4) | 16.6; 11.5 (8.5–24.6) | 14.8; 13.1 (5.3–21.8) | 16.1; 15.6 (9.9–19.8) | 18.9; 16.5 (12.3–23.4) | 15.9; 16.8 (8.7–20.0) | 16.7; 15.7 (9.9–20.2) |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 5.3; 2.0 (0.4–3.7) | 13.4; 10.5 (0.4–21.3) | 69.8; 20.1 (4.0–53.9) | 70.0; 29.6 (13.1–99.3) | 79.1; 51.1 (29.0–118.0) | 223.5; 161.2 (40.0–376.5) | 113.3; 43.1 (20.5–138.2) |
CRP (mg/dl)a | 0.3; 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 5.3; 4.4 (1.3–10.3) | 6.3; 5.6 (1.5–11.2) | 12.4; 10.6 (7.5–17.6) | 18.4; 18.2 (13.5–22.5) | 25.4; 27.8 (16.9–35.0) | 17.4; 15.9 (9.8–24.1) |