Table 1 Summary screening criteria of included randomized controlled trials
Trials (country, start year) | No. randomized | Age (years) | Smoking history | Smoking cessation (years since quit) | Screening tests | Screening interval | Definition of positive results | Follow-up (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DANTE (Italy, 2001) | 2472 | 60–74 | ≧20 pack-years | < 10 | LDCT vs no screening | 5 annual screens | > 5 mm | 8.35 (median) |
DLCST (Denmark, 2004) | 4104 | 50–70 | ≧20 pack-years | < 10 | LDCT vs no screening | 5 annual screens | > 15 mm or rapid growing 5–15 mm nodules (> 25% increase in volume on 3-mo repeat CT | 10 |
ITALUNG (Italy, 2004) | 3206 | 55–69 | ≧20 pack-years | ≦10 | LDCT vs no screening | 4 annual screens | ≧5 mm solid nodule, a ground glass nodule ≧10 mm, or any part-solid nodule | 8.5 (median) |
LSS (USA, 2000) | 3318 | 55–74 | ≧30 pack-years | < 10 | LDCT vs CXR | 1 screening | ≧4 mm | 5.2 (median) |
LUSI (Germany,2007) | 4052 | 50–69 | ≧15 cigarettes/day for ≧25 years or ≧10 cigarettes/day for ≧30 years | < 10 | LDCT vs no screening | 5 annual screens | ≧5 mm | 8.8 |
MILD (Italy, 2005) | 4099 | 49–75 | ≧20 pack-years | < 10 | LDCT vs no screening | 5 annual screens or 3 biennial screens | Volume > 250 mm3 or rapid growing 60–250 mm3 (> 25% increase in volume on 3-mo repeat CT) | 10 |
NELSON (Netherlands, Belgium, 2003) | 15,822 | 50–75 | ≧15 cigarettes/day for ≧25 years or ≧10 cigarettes/day for ≧30 years | < 10 | LDCT vs no screening | 4 screening rounds; interval after baseline: 1y, 2y, and 2.5y | Volume > 500 mm3 or volume 50-500 mm3 with VDT < 400 d on 3-mo repeat CT | 10 |
NLST (USA, 2002) | 53,454 | 55–74 | ≧30 pack-years | ≦15 | LDCT vs CXR | 3 annual screens | ≧4 mm | 7.4 |
Yang 2018 (China, 2013) | 6717 | 45–70 | ≧20 pack-years (smoking is an optional risk factor) | ≦15 | LDCT vs no screening | 3 biennial screens | ≧4 mm | 2 |