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Fig. 3 | BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Application of structured statistical analyses to identify a biomarker predictive of enhanced tralokinumab efficacy in phase III clinical trials for severe, uncontrolled asthma

Fig. 3

Estimated relationships between biomarkers and annualised asthma exacerbation rate, predicted using generalised additive models in the STRATOS 1 all-comers population (full analysis set)*. *Estimates were based on negative binomial models including treatment group, geographical region, age, number of exacerbations in the previous year and s(biomarker, by treatment) as covariates. Smoothing splines (s) are fitted by penalised likelihood using thin plate regression splines (mgcv R package). The log of each participants’s corresponding follow-up time was used as an offset variable in the model to adjust for participants having different exposure times during which asthma exacerbations occurred. Graphs show the exp.(LOESS[predicted GAM link function for each participant]), where 0.67 is the span used in the LOESS. Only data between the 5 to 95% quantiles for each biomarker are shown, but all data are used in the estimation. The two placebo groups were pooled before the models were estimated. Vertical dashed lines show the 10th to 90th percentiles. Two participants with outlier eosinophil values (7,510 and 4,130 cells/μl) were not included in the analyses. AAER, annual asthma exacerbation rate; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; GAM, generalised additive models; IgE, Immunoglobulin E; LOESS, local polynomial regression; Q2W, every 2 weeks, Tralo, tralokinumab

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