From: Primary ciliary dyskinesia in Japan: systematic review and meta-analysis
 | Total (n = 316) n (%) | Age at diagnosis < 18 (n = 92) n (%) | Age at diagnosis ≥18 (n = 148) n (%) | P value (chi-square test) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
 Male | 171 (54.1) | 43 (46.7) | 87 (58.8) | 0.069 |
 Female | 145 (45.9) | 49 (53.3) | 61 (41.2) |  |
Age at diagnosis | ||||
  < 1 year old | 24 (7.6) | 24 (26.1) | – | – |
 1–17 years old | 68 (21.5) | 68 (73.9) | – | – |
  ≥ 18 years old | 148 (46.8) | – | 148 (100.0) | – |
 NAa | 76 (24.1) | – | – | – |
Onset of respiratory symptoms | ||||
 Neonatal or infant | 60 (19.0) | 47 (51.1) | 9 (6.1) | 1.10E-15 |
 Childhood or adolescent | 131 (41.5) | 35 (38.0) | 74 (50.0) | 0.070 |
 Adult | 28 (8.9) | – | 21 (14.2) | – |
 NA | 97 (30.7) | 10 (10.9) | 44 (29.7) | 6.69E-04 |
Reason for medical consultation | ||||
 Cough | 90 (28.5) | 31 (33.7) | 56 (37.8) | 0.516 |
 Dyspnea | 64 (20.3) | 28 (30.4) | 33 (22.3) | 0.159 |
 Fever | 28 (8.9) | 10 (10.9) | 18 (12.2) | 0.762 |
Infertility as complainta | ||||
 Male | 24 (19.2) | – | – | – |
 Female | 1 (1.1) | – | – | – |
 Hemoptysis | 18 (5.7) | 3 (3.3) | 12 (8.1) | 0.132 |
 Preoperative examination for other disease | 21 (6.6) | 6 (6.5) | 7 (4.7) | 0.551 |
 Chest x ray checkup without symptoms | 8 (2.5) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (2.7) | 0.490 |
Medical history | ||||
 Bronchial asthma | 19 (6.0) | 10 (10.9) | 9 (6.1) | 0.182 |
 Diffuse panbronchiolitis | 8 (2.5) | 0 | 5 (3.4) | 0.075 |
 Pulmonary tuberculosis | 8 (2.5) | 0 | 8 (5.4) | 0.023 |
 Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection | 3 (0.9) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0.430 |
 Recurrent pneumonia | 99 (31.3) | 34 (37.0) | 51 (34.5) | 0.694 |
 Otitis media | 62 (19.6) | 17 (18.5) | 27 (18.2) | 0.964 |
 Congenital heart disease | 8 (2.5) | 8 (8.7) | 0 | 2.64E-04 |
 Rhinosinusitis | 246 (77.8) | 53 (57.6) | 127 (85.8) | 9.31E-07 |
 Bronchiectasis | 221 (69.9) | 47 (51.1) | 116 (78.4) | 1.06E-05 |
 Chronic bronchitis | 8 (2.5) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (1.4) | 0.148 |
 Situs inversus | 200 (63.3) | 50 (54.3) | 98 (66.2) | 0.066 |
Family history | ||||
 PCD family history | 26 (8.2) | 8 (8.7) | 14 (9.5) | 0.842 |
 Consanguineous parents | 15 (4.7) | 2 (2.2) | 12 (8.1) | 0.057 |
Reproductive historyb | ||||
Spontaneous conception | ||||
 Male | 8 (14.3) | – | – | – |
 Female | 11 (44.0) | – | – | – |
Infertility as history | ||||
 Male | 48 (85.7) | – | – | – |
 Female | 14 (56.0) | – | – | – |