Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Male (n = 1874) n (%) | Female (n = 2159) n (%) | Missing (n = 4033) n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 63.7 (±10.5) | 63.4 (±10.7) | |
< 65 years | 908 (48.5%) | 1071 (49.6%) | |
≥ 65 years | 966 (51.5%) | 1088 (50.4%) | |
Body-mass index | 12 (0.3%) | ||
< 30 | 1425 (76.0%) | 1683 (78.0%) | |
≥ 30 | 445 (23.7%) | 468 (21.7%) | |
Smoking status | 59 (1.5%) | ||
Never smoker | 686 (36.6%) | 916 (42.4%)*** | |
Current smoker | 208 (11.1%) | 269 (12.5%) | |
Previous smoker | 954 (50.9%) | 941 (43.6%)*** | |
Self-reported disease | |||
Hypertension | 473 (25.2%) | 557 (25.8%) | 119 (3.0%) |
Myocardial Infarction | 141 (7.5%) | 57 (2.6%)*** | 171 (4.2%) |
Heart failure | 33 (1.8%) | 16 (0.7%)** | 175 (4.3%) |
Atrial Fibrillation | 92 (4.9%) | 80 (3.7%) | 178 (4.4%) |
COPD | 74 (3.9%) | 87 (4.0%) | 157 (3.9%) |
Asthma | 128 (6.8%) | 196 (9.1%)** | 254 (6.3%) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 83 (4.4%) | 117 (5.4%) | 227 (5.6%) |
Airways infection last week § | 278 (14.8%) | 303 (14.0%) | 165 (4.1%) |
Dyspnea | |||
mMRC | 165 (4.1%) | ||
mMRC 0 | 1323 (70.6%) | 1368 (63.4%)*** | |
mMRC 1 | 412 (22.0%) | 575 (26.6%)*** | |
mMRC 2–4 | 70 (3.7%) | 120 (5.6%)** | |
Breathing worse than usual § | 210 (11.2%) | 242 (11.2%) | 156 (3.9%) |
Oxygen saturation, SpO2 | 161 (4.0%) | ||
≤ 95% | 110 (5.9%) | 72 (3.3%)*** | |
Spirometry | |||
FEV1 < LLN † | 150 (8.0%) | 136 (6.3%) | 234 (5.8%) |