Inspiratory wheezes (n = 130) | Expiratory wheezes (n = 587) | Expiratory wheezes 2+ (n = 151) | Inspiratory crackles (n = 445) | Expiratory crackles (n = 70) | Inspiratory crackles 2+ (n = 118) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (×0.1) | – | 1.2*** (1.1–1.3) | 1.2** (1.1–1.5) | 1.8*** (1.6–2.0) | 1.5** (1.2–1.9) | 2.2*** (1.8–2.9) |
Female Gender | – | 1.5*** (1.2–1.8) | 1.5* (1.1–2.1) | – | – | – |
COPD | – | – | – | – | – | 2.3** (1.3–4.1) |
Asthma | – | 1.4* (1.0–1.8) | 1.9** (1.1–3.0) | – | – | – |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | – | – | – | 1.6* (1.1–2.3) | – | – |
Current smoker | – | 1.7*** (1.3–2.2) | – | 1.9*** (1.4–2.7) | – | – |
Previous smoker | – | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | – | 1.3* (1.0–1.6) | – | – |
mMRC ≥ 2 | – | – | – | 1.8** (1.2–2.6) | – | – |
Oxygen saturation SpO2 (1%) | – | – | – | 0.9** (0.8–1.0) | – | 0.7*** (0.6–0.8) |
FEV1 Z-score (1 unit) | 0.7*** (0.6–0.8) | – | – | 0.9** (0.8–1.0) | – | 0.7*** (0.6–0.8) |
AUC | .59 (0.54–0.64) | .59 (0.56–0.62) | .60 (0.55–0.64) | .69 (0.67–0.72) | .62 (0.56–0.69) | .79 (0.75–0.84) |