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Table 4 Symptoms and severity of disease, HR-QoL, quality of sleep, level of physical activity and depression/anxiety

From: Circadian rhythm of COPD symptoms in clinically based phenotypes. Results from the STORICO Italian observational study

 

EARLY-MORNING SYMPTOMS

DAY-TIME SYMPTOMS

NIGHT-TIME SYMPTOMS

No

Yes

p-value

No

Yes

p-value

No

Yes

p-value

A. CB (N = 351)

GOLD combined COPD assessment (N, %)

 n

72

279

 

73

278

 

163

188

 

  GROUP A

28 (36.8)

48 (63.2)

<.0001

25 (32.9)

51 (67.1)

0.0002

52 (68.4)

24 (31.6)

<.0001

  GROUP B

29 (21.8)

104 (78.2)

 

34 (25.6)

99 (74.4)

 

65 (48.9)

68 (51.1)

 

  GROUP C

6 (10.2)

53 (89.8)

 

8 (13.6)

51 (86.4)

 

24 (40.7)

35 (59.3)

 

  GROUP D

9 (10.8)

74 (89.2)

 

6 (7.2)

77 (92.8)

 

22 (26.5)

61 (73.5)

 

SGRQ scores (mean ± SD)

 n

71

268

 

71

268

 

159

180

 

  symptoms

19.4 ± 16.2

49.7 ± 19.7

<.0001

18.5 ± 14.7

49.9 ± 19.6

<.0001

31.4 ± 20.3

53.9 ± 19.2

<.0001

  activity

40.4 ± 17.6

53.0 ± 21.6

<.0001

39.0 ± 17.6

53.4 ± 21.4

<.0001

42.2 ± 19.0

57.6 ± 20.9

<.0001

  impacts

14.6 ± 12.0

26.5 ± 19.4

<.0001

13.4 ± 12.0

26.8 ± 19.2

<.0001

15.7 ± 13.1

31.3 ± 19.9

<.0001

  total

23.4 ± 12.6

38.2 ± 18.2

<.0001

22.1 ± 12.4

38.5 ± 17.9

<.0001

26.3 ± 13.8

42.9 ± 18.0

<.0001

CASIS scores (mean ± SD)

 n

70

274

 

70

274

 

161

183

 

  total

10.7 ± 12.3

21.5 ± 16.8

<.0001

9.1 ± 11.1

21.9 ± 16.7

< 0.0001

9.3 ± 9.7

28.1 ± 16.4

<.0001

HADS scores (mean ± SD)

 n

69

263

 

69

263

 

156

176

 

  total

8.3 ± 6.2

10.4 ± 7.0

0.0279

7.1 ± 5.9

10.7 ± 7.0

< 0.0001

8.0 ± 6.2

11.7 ± 7.1

< 0.0001

  n

70

266

 

70

266

 

157

179

 

  anxiety

4.4 ± 3.5

5.3 ± 4.0

> 0.05

3.8 ± 3.4

5.5 ± 4.0

0.0018

4.1 ± 3.5

6.0 ± 4.0

< 0.0001

  n

69

265

 

69

265

 

156

178

 

  depression

3.8 ± 3.0

5.1 ± 3.7

0.009

3.3 ± 3.0

5.2 ± 3.6

< 0.0001

3.9 ± 3.1

5.6 ± 3.8

< 0.0001

IPAQ Level of physical activity (N, %)

 n

17

96

 

19

94

 

50

63

 

  Low

4 (10.0)

36 (90.0)

> 0.05

4 (10.0)

36 (90.0)

> 0.05

19 (47.5)

21 (52.5)

> 0.05

  Moderate

12 (16.7)

60 (83.3)

 

14 (19.4)

58 (80.6)

 

30 (41.7)

42 (58.3)

 

  High

1 (100.0)

0 (0)

 

1 (100.0)

0 (0)

 

1 (100.0)

0 (0)

 

B. EM (N = 215)

GOLD combined COPD assessment (N, %)

 n

52

163

 

48

167

 

130

85

 

  GROUP A

24 (36.4)

42 (63.6)

0.0009

23 (34.8)

43 (65.2)

0.0075

48 (72.7)

18 (27.3)

0.0035

  GROUP B

14 (32.6)

29 (67.4)

 

10 (23.3)

33 (76.7)

 

22 (51.2)

21 (48.8)

 

  GROUP C

11 (19.3)

46 (80.7)

 

11 (19.3)

46 (80.7)

 

39 (68.4)

18 (31.6)

 

  GROUP D

3 (6.1)

46 (93.9)

 

4 (8.2)

45 (91.8)

 

21 (42.9)

28 (57.1)

 

SGRQ scores (mean ± SD)

 n

50

154

 

46

158

 

122

82

 

  symptoms

20.8 ± 14.7

47.1 ± 18.6

<.0001

23.7 ± 17.8

45.6 ± 19.3

<.0001

33.2 ± 18.9

51.7 ± 19.2

<.0001

  activity

39.7 ± 20.8

52.2 ± 20.5

0.0003

34.8 ± 17.4

53.3 ± 20.4

<.0001

43.7 ± 18.7

57.2 ± 22.3

<.0001

  impacts

13.9 ± 11.5

25.5 ± 19.9

<.0001

11.1 ± 8.7

26.0 ± 19.7

<.0001

16.1 ± 12.7

32.5 ± 22.0

<.0001

  total

22.7 ± 13.0

37.0 ± 18.1

<.0001

20.3 ± 10.6

37.4 ± 18.0

<.0001

27.1 ± 13.3

43.0 ± 20.0

<.0001

CASIS scores (mean ± SD)

 n

51

162

 

47

166

 

129

84

 

  total

7.2 ± 8.2

16.8 ± 15.8

<.0001

7.1 ± 10.0

16.6 ± 15.4

< 0.0001

8.0 ± 8.7

24.6 ± 16.8

<.0001

HADS scores (mean ± SD)

 n

45

151

 

42

154

 

121

75

 

  total

6.5 ± 5.5

9.6 ± 6.5

0.0039

5.1 ± 5.1

9.9 ± 6.3

< 0.0001

7.2 ± 5.6

11.7 ± 6.6

< 0.0001

  n

46

153

 

44

155

 

123

76

 

  anxiety

3.4 ± 3.0

4.8 ± 3.3

0.0079

2.7 ± 2.4

4.9 ± 3.3

< 0.0001

3.8 ± 3.0

5.5 ± 3.5

0.0002

  n

48

152

 

43

157

 

123

77

 

  depression

3.3 ± 3.3

4.9 ± 3.9

0.0107

2.6 ± 3.2

5.0 ± 3.8

0.0002

3.4 ± 3.3

6.2 ± 3.9

< 0.0001

IPAQ Level of physical activity (N, %)

 n

17

55

 

15

57

 

54

18

 

  Low

2 (15.4)

11 (84.6)

> 0.05

1 (7.7)

12 (92.3)

0.0265

8 (61.5)

5 (38.5)

> 0.05

  Moderate

14 (24.6)

43 (75.4)

 

12 (21.1)

45 (78.9)

 

44 (77.2)

13 (22.8)

 

  High

1 (50.0)

1 (50.0)

 

2 (100.0)

0 (0)

 

2 (100.0)

0 (0)

 
  1. The percentages of the GOLD combined COPD assessment are computed by row, i.e. over the total number of patients in Groups A, B, C, D respectively. Similarly, the percentages of IPAQ Level of physical activity are computed by row, i.e. over the total number of patients in the low, moderate, severe classes respectively
  2. For SGRQ, CASIS and HADS scores T-test p-values (pts with symptoms vs. pts. without symptoms) are shown. Chi-square test p-values of GOLD combined COPD assessment vs. presence/absence of (early-morning, day-time, night-time) symptoms are shown. Fisher exact test p-values of IPAQ Level of physical activity vs. presence/absence of (early-morning, day-time, night-time) symptoms are shown. P-values < 0.0005 (alpha adjusted for multiple comparisons) are in bold
  3. CASIS COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale. CB Chronic Bronchitis. EM Emphysema. HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire. SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire
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