Table 3 Summary of findings table using the GRADE approach
Association between IBD and COPD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient or population: COPD Setting: Intervention: IBD Comparison: Control | ||||||
Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
Risk with Control | Risk with Airways disease | |||||
Risk of IBD in COPD patients (IBD-COPD) | 128 per 100,000 | 355 per 100,000 (263 to 481) | RR 2.02 (1.56 to 2.63) | 660,463 (4 observational studies) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ Low a,b,c | Despite association between IBD and COPD was consistently elevated. Lack of confounding analysis by tobacco exposure would suggest a spurious effect |
*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||