From: Treatment outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Number of studies | Number of patients with characteristics | Number of patients assessed | Proportion (95%CI) | Heterogeneity (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | |||||
Females | 21 | 925 | 2384 | 39.9%(34.0–46.0) | 2.8(2.3–3.3) |
Previous BCG vaccination | 4 | 117 | 286 | 44.8%(22.4–69.5) | 3.7(2.6–5.4) |
Known tuberculosis contact | 4 | 98 | 298 | 21.6%(3.8–65.5) | 5.5(4.1–7.4) |
Lost-to-follow-up | 9 | 79 | 1196 | 7.3%(5.3–10.0) | 1.3(1.0–1.9) |
HIV positive | 16 | 530 | 1864 | 10.6%(4.2–24.6) | 4.3(3.7–5.0) |
BMRC stage | |||||
Stage I | 17 | 534 | 2041 | 24.9% (21.1–29.1) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) |
Stage II | 17 | 927 | 2041 | 46.9%(41.4–52.4) | 2.3(1.9–2.9) |
Stage III | 17 | 562 | 2041 | 26.4%(20.7–32.9) | 2.9(2.4–3.5) |
Diagnostic | |||||
Possible | 11 | 363 | 1399 | 29.0%(21.0–38.5) | 3.2(2.6–4.1) |
Probable | 13 | 583 | 1565 | 34.7%(27.8–42.3) | 2.8(2.2–3.5) |
Definite | 14 | 611 | 1643 | 38.9%(32.1–46.1) | 2.6(2.0–3.2) |
Symptoms | |||||
Fever | 14 | 1013 | 1126 | 89.5%(84.2–93.2) | 2.1(1.6–2.7) |
Headache | 16 | 1089 | 1306 | 85.9%(77.9–91.4) | 3.1(2.5–3.7) |
Seisures | 15 | 260 | 1369 | 18.5%(14.2–23.7) | 2.2(1.8–2.8) |
Vomiting | 11 | 511 | 932 | 54%(40.3–67.1) | 3.8(3.1–4.7) |
Weight loss | 8 | 319 | 611 | 47.9%(24.5–72.2) | 3.9(3.1–5.0) |
Radiological findings | |||||
Abnormal chest radiogragh | 9 | 465 | 781 | 54.5%(42.2–66.3) | 3.1(2.4–4.0) |
Basilar enhancement | 14 | 565 | 1100 | 49.5%(28.8–70.5) | 5.3(4.5–6.1) |
Hydrocephalus | 18 | 511 | 1461 | 35.2%(27.9–43.2) | 2.8(2.4–3.4) |
Infarction | 13 | 273 | 1221 | 23.2%(18.3–29.0) | 2.2(1.7–2.8) |
Tuberculoma | 16 | 359 | 1326 | 22.4%(16.9–29.0) | 2.6(2.1–3.2) |
Diagnostic testing | |||||
Positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in CSF | 18 | 588 | 1514 | 23.8%(15.2–35.3) | 3.9(3.3–4.6) |
Positive smear for acid-fast bacilli in CSF | 14 | 166 | 1177 | 10.0%(5.5–17.6) | 3.0(2.5–3.7) |
Positive polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in CSF | 10 | 187 | 978 | 22.3%(17.8–27.5) | 1.7(1.2–2.4) |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from site other than CSF | 4 | 70 | 404 | 14.7%(7.0–28.1) | 2.7(1.8–4.3) |