Table 1 Characteristics of 1565 spirometry-confirmed COPD patients receiving inhaled long-acting bronchodilators
Characteristics | All | LAMA | LABA | LAMA + LABA | LABA + ICS | Triple therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numbers, (%) | 1565 | 760 (48.6) | 161 (10.3) | 405 (25.9) | 556 (35.5) | 211 (13.5) |
Age (years), median (range) | 73 (40–98) | 73 (42–96) | 75 (43–94) | 73 (40–93) | 71.5 (40–98) | 77 (42–97) |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 1224 (78.2) | 643 (84.6) | 137 (85.1) | 360 (88.9) | 362 (65.1) | 176 (83.4) |
 Female | 341 (21.8) | 117 (15.4) | 24 (14.9) | 45 (11.1) | 194 (34.9) | 35 (16.6) |
Body mass index, median (range) | 24.2 (11.0–47.5) | 24.1 (11.2–46.2) | 23.5 (11.2–45.5) | 23.8 (12.0–44.1) | 24.5 (12.0–47.5) | 23.2 (12.8–44.2) |
CAT score, N(%) | 424 (27.1) | 240 (31.6) | 67 (41.6) | 173 (42.7) | 121 (21.8) | 73 (34.6) |
Mean (SD) | 7.74 (6.35) | 7.44 (6.39) | 9.67(8.02) | 9.41 (7.21) | 7.06 (6.12) | 8.85 (6.04) |
History of exacerbations in the previous year | ||||||
 0 | 1127 (72.0) | 546 (71.8) | 100 (62.1) | 251 (62.0) | 406 (73.0) | 124 (58.8) |
 1 | 316 (20.2) | 150 (19.7) | 37 (23.0) | 104 (25.7) | 111 (20.0) | 58 (27.5) |
  > 2 | 122 (7.8) | 64 (8.4) | 24 (14.9) | 50 (12.3) | 39 (7.0) | 29 (13.7) |
Smoking Status | ||||||
 Current | 266 (17.0) | 137 (18.0) | 30 (18.6) | 81 (20.0) | 80 (14.4) | 37 (17.5) |
 Ex-smoker | 530 (33.9) | 284 (37.4) | 71 (44.1) | 186 (45.9) | 143 (25.7) | 90 (42.7) |
 Never smoker | 769 (49.1) | 339 (44.6) | 60 (37.3) | 138 (34.1) | 333 (59.9) | 84 (39.8) |
Spirometry (FEV1, %) | ||||||
  ≥ 80 | 505 (32.3) | 315 (41.4) | 47 (29.2) | 75 (18.5) | 152 (27.3) | 36 (17.1) |
 50–79 | 604 (38.6) | 257 (33.8) | 53 (32.9) | 159 (39.3) | 249 (44.8) | 55 (26.1) |
 30–49 | 360 (23.0) | 146 (19.2) | 45 (28.0) | 132 (32.6) | 127 (22.8) | 80 (37.9) |
  ≤ 29 | 96 (6.1) | 42 (5.5) | 16 (9.9) | 39 (9.6) | 28 (5.0) | 40 (19.0) |
Underlying Comorbidities | ||||||
 Metabolic disease | ||||||
  Diabetes mellitus | 282 (18.0) | 145 (19.1) | 31 (19.3) | 72 (17.8) | 95 (17.1) | 43 (20.4) |
  Hyperlipidemia | 131 (8.4) | 77 (10.1) | 11 (6.8) | 41 (10.1) | 51 (9.2) | 12 (5.7) |
 Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
  Hypertension | 548 (35.0) | 260 (34.2) | 61 (37.9) | 144 (35.6) | 196 (35.5) | 93 (44.1) |
  Coronary artery disease | 149 (9.5) | 74 (9.7) | 19 (11.8) | 47 (11.6) | 59 (10.6) | 21 (10.0) |
  Heart failure | 93 (5.9) | 46 (6.0) | 12 (7.5) | 25 (6.2) | 34 (6.1) | 15 (7.1) |
  Arrhythmia | 50 (3.2) | 24 (3.2) | 7 (4.3) | 12 (3.0) | 18 (3.2) | 8 (3.8) |
Chronic kidney disease | 360/1393 (25.8) | 178/690 (25.8) | 39/152 (25.7) | 102/370 (27.6) | 114/479 (23.8) | 55/197 (27.9) |
Malignancy | ||||||
 Lung cancer | 38 (2.4) | 22 (2.9) | 7 (4.3) | 13 (3.2) | 11 (2.0) | 2 (0.9) |
 Other cancer | 27 (1.7) | 8 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (1.5) | 9 (1.6) | 6 (2.8) |