Table 1 Patient characteristics and results of lung function and cardiopulmonary exercise tests

N

98

–

73

–

Age (y)

62(8)

–

64(10)

–

Sex (% Male)

62

–

68

–

BMI (kg/m)

28.6 (4.1)

–

29.7 (15.3)

–

FVC (L)

1.83(0.62)

54(17)

2.14(0.8)*

65(20)*

FEV1 (L)

1.55(0.50) 2

57(18)

1.82(0.66)*

70(22)*

FEV1/FVC ratio

87 (9)

86(7)

TLC (L)

3.58(0.92)

57(13)

3.74(1.19)

64 (15)*

DLCO (ml/min/mmHg)

10.21(4.05)

38(13)

12.24 (4.78)

51(17)*

Indirect MVV FEV1 × 35 (L/min)

54(18)

–

63(23)

–

Direct MVV (L/min)

67.4(23.0)

–

76(28)*

–

Direct MVV (breaths/min)

94.4(22.7)

–

90(26)

–

Tidal Volume (L)

0.60 (0.25)

–

0.54 (0.15)

–

SpO2 (%)

94 (3)

–

95 (2)

–

Peak Work Rate (W)

57 (34)

72 (32)*

VO2 (ml/kg/min)

11.5(4.3)

64(14)

11.4 (3.6)

62(19)

RER

1.12(0.13)

–

1.02(0.16)

VE peak (L/min)

44(14)

–

42(15)

–

Resp Rate (L/min)

47(12)

–

40(10)*

–

Heart Rate (bpm)

149(24)

–

120(21)*

–

Tidal Volume (L)

0.99 (0.38)

–

1.12 (0.45)

–

VE/VCO2 ratio (nadir value)

45 (17)

–

33(6)*

–

O2 Pulse (ml/100 ml blood)

8.1 (3.6)

–

9.7 (3.1)*

SpO2 (%)

84 (7)

–

87 (6)

–