Univariable analyses (N = 359–394) | Multivariable analysis (N = 394) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor | Value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
Socio-demographic factors | |||||
Gender | Female vs Male | 1.43 (0.81–2.52) | 0.21 | ||
Age | Each year | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) | < 0.001 |
Living alone | Yes vs No | 0.94 (0.51–1.74) | 0.85 | ||
Low education | Yes vs No | 1.40 (0.77–2.54) | 0.27 | ||
Employment | Yes vs No | 1.04 (0.54–1.98) | 0.91 | ||
Lung function and symptoms | |||||
FEV1% predicted | Each % predicted | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.19 | ||
Dyspnea - MRC score > 2 | Yes vs No | 1.85 (1.05–3.28) | 0.03 | 2.28 (1.26–4.12) | 0.01 |
Exacerbation frequency of previous year | Each exacerbation | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | 0.45 | ||
Co-morbidity | |||||
Major cardiovascular disease | Yes vs No | 1.43 (0.67–3.05) | 0.35 | ||
Hypertension | Yes vs No | 0.66 (0.35–1.25) | 0.20 | ||
Diabetes | Yes vs No | 1.19 (0.52–2.70) | 0.68 | ||
Depression | Yes vs No | 1.42 (0.56–3.63) | 0.47 | ||
Charlson co-morbidity index | Each point | 1.10 (0.88–1.37) | 0.42 | ||
Lifestyle, illness behaviour and knowledge | |||||
Current smoker | Yes vs No | 1.21 (0.66–2.21) | 0.53 | ||
Physical activity (in MET) | Each minute | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.37 | ||
Self-management | Taking initiatives - each point | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.19 | ||
Investment behavior - each point | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.20 | |||
Self-efficacy - each point | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.25 |