Univariable analyses (N = 343–363) | Multivariable analysis (N = 354) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor | Value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
Socio-demographic factors | |||||
Gender | Female vs Male | 1.70 (0.96–3.03) | 0.07 | ||
Age | Each year | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.10 | ||
Living alone | Yes vs No | 0.82 (0.44–1.52) | 0.53 | ||
Low education | Yes vs No | 0.99 (0.54–1.81) | 0.98 | ||
Employment | Yes vs No | 0.99 (0.53–1.88) | 0.99 | ||
Lung function and symptoms | |||||
FEV1% predicted | Each % predicted | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.17 | ||
Dyspnea - MRC score > 2 | Yes vs No | 1.54 (0.84–2.82) | 0.16 | ||
Exacerbation frequency of previous year | Each exacerbation | 1.24 (0.94–1.65) | 0.13 | ||
Co-morbidity | |||||
Major cardiovascular disease | Yes vs No | 2.12 (1.08–4.15) | 0.03 | 1.86 (0.81–4.26) | 0.14 |
Hypertension | Yes vs No | 2.16 (1.21–3.86) | 0.01 | 2.00 (0.98–4.08) | 0.06 |
Diabetes | Yes vs No | 1.49 (0.71–3.11) | 0.29 | ||
Depression | Yes vs No | 2.74 (1.26–5.96) | 0.01 | 2.60 (1.06–6.38) | 0.04 |
Charlson co-morbidity index | Each point | 1.42 (1.14–1.75) | 0.001 | 1.07 (0.77–1.47) | 0.70 |
Lifestyle, illness behaviour and knowledge | |||||
Current smoker | Yes vs No | 1.05 (0.58–1.91) | 0.88 | ||
Physical activity (in MET) | Each minute | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.52 | ||
Self-management | Taking initiatives - each point | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.98 | ||
Investment behavior - each point | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.62 | |||
Self-efficacy - each point | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.33 |