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Table 4 Results of the bi-directional MR approach on GlycA and COPD

From: A cross-omics integrative study of metabolic signatures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Model

Exposure

Outcome

R2

nSNP

Method

β

SE

P-value

1

GlycA

COPD

2.30

9

Inverse variance weighted

0.001

0.027

0.97

Weighted median

−0.009

0.029

0.76

Weighted mode

−0.028

0.039

0.49

Simple mode

−0.013

0.046

0.79

MR Egger

−0.140

0.147

0.37

2

COPD

GlycA

1.72

8

Inverse variance weighted

0.306

0.090

0.00068

Weighted median

0.348

0.115

0.0024

Weighted mode

0.378

0.150

0.04

Simple mode

0.359

0.157

0.06

MR Egger

0.412

0.624

0.53

  1. R2 - the explained variance in the exposure by applied genetic risk score; nSNP - number of SNPs used to construct the genetic risk score; β - the weighted effect of the genetic risk score of exposure on outcome; SE standard error; Significance threshold = P-value < 0.05. The Egger regression is a test to check the assumption of the instrument strength being independent of the direct effect to the outcome and should be P > 0.05