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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups

From: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients hospitalised with influenza A-related pneumonia: a multicenter retrospective study

Variables

Total (n = 693)

IPA group (n = 21)

Control group (n = 672)

p-valuea

Age (years, median, IQR)

61.0 (36.0–76.0)

67.0 (61.0–82.0)

60.0 (36.0–76.0)

<  0.001

Male (n, %)

461 (66.5)

18 (85.7)

443 (65.9)

0.058

BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)

24.4 ± 3.6

21.5 ± 0.4

24.5 ± 3.6

0.014

Comorbidities (n, %)

402 (58.0)

18 (85.7)

384 (57.1)

0.009

 Diabetes mellitus

92 (13.3)

15 (71.4)

77 (11.5)

<  0.001

 Cerebrovascular disease

72 (10.4)

4 (19.0)

68 (10.1)

0.338

 COPD

40 (5.8)

6 (28.6)

34 (5.1)

<  0.001

 Asthma

19 (2.7)

3 (14.3)

16 (2.4)

0.009

 Chronic kidney disease

16 (2.3)

2 (9.5)

14 (2.1)

0.134

 Malignant solid tumor

16 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

16 (2.4)

> 0.999

 Chronic congestive heart failure

3 (0.4)

3 (14.3)

0 (0.0)

<  0.001

Smoking history (n, %)

243 (35.1)

7 (33.3)

236 (35.1)

0.866

Alcoholism history (n, %)

92 (13.3)

0 (0.0)

92 (13.7)

0.135

Antibiotics use before admission (n, %)

587 (84.7)

15 (71.4)

572 (85.1)

0.159

Clinical characteristics (n, %)

 Confusion

32 (4.6)

0 (0.0)

32 (4.8)

0.620

 SBP < 90 mmHg

8 (1.2)

1 (4.8)

7 (1.0)

0.593

 Leukocytes > 10 × 109/L

118 (17.0)

15 (71.4)

103 (15.3)

<  0.001

 Lymphocytes < 0.8 × 109/L

299/677 (44.2)

15 (71.4)

284/656 (43.3)

0.011

 HB < 100 g/L

69 (10.0)

5 (23.8)

64 (9.5)

0.075

 Albumin < 35 g/L

58/639 (9.1)

6 (28.6)

52/618 (8.4)

0.006

 BG > 11 mmol/L

48 (6.9)

0 (0.0)

48 (7.1)

0.405

 BUN > 7 mmol/L

183/685 (26.7)

9 (42.9)

174/664 (26.2)

0.090

 Serum PCT > 0.1 ng/ml

248/541 (45.8)

2 (9.5)

246/520 (47.3)

0.001

 PO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg

340/639 (53.2)

16 (76.2)

324/618 (52.4)

0.032

Radiology (n, %)

 Cavity

19 (2.7)

3 (14.3)

16 (2.4)

0.009

 Multiple nodules

151 (21.8)

8 (38.1)

143 (21.3)

0.116

ICs use before IPA diagnosis (n, %)

3 (0.4)

3 (14.3)

0 (0.0)

<  0.001

Systemic corticosteroids use before IPA diagnosis (n, %)

132 (19.0)

18 (85.7)

114 (17.0)

<  0.001

Dose of systemic corticosteroids a (mg/kg, mean ± SD)

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.853

Early NAIs b use (n, %)

232 (33.3)

10 (47.6)

222 (33.0)

0.163

Coinfection with other community-acquired pathogens (n, %)

265 (38.2)

3 (14.3)

262 (39.0)

0.016

  1. IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, RR respiratory rates, WBC white blood cell count, HB hemoglobin, BG blood glucose, BUN blood urea nitrogen, PCT procalcitonin, PO2/FiO2 arterial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration oxygen, ICs inhaled corticosteroids, NAIs neuraminidase inhibitors; a: methylprednisolone or its equivalent; b: Neuraminidase inhibitors refer to any dose of oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir; a: IPA group vs control group. The bolded values are p-values < 0.05, which represent significant differences between subgroups