Table 5 Cox proportional hazard analyses for factors affecting overall survival

Gender

female

1

male

3.32 (1.89–6.31)

< 0.01

Age

< 70y

1

≥ 70y

1.08 (0.67–1.70)

0.74

Charlson comorbidity index

0–2

1

3–4

1.37 (0.22–4.38)

0.67

Smoking status

never

1

1

Former /current

4.12 (2.31–8.03)

< 0.01

2.36 (1.07–5.56)

0.03

CEA

≤ 5 ng/ml

1

>  5 ng/ml

1.88 (1.20–2.95)

< 0.01

Operative approach

Thoracotomy

1

VATS

0.45 (0.28–0.75)

< 0.01

Wound length

≤ 10 cm

1

>  10 cm

2.41 (1.51–3.79)

< 0.01

Operation time

≤ 248 min

1

>  248 min

1.84 (1.09–3.23)

0.02

Operative procedure

Seg / Lob

1

Bilob / Pneumo

2.98 (1.48–5.41)

< 0.01

pStage

I

1

1

II - IIIA

4.83 (3.05–7.82)

< 0.01

3.26 (1.77–6.08)

< 0.01

Histology

Ad

1

Non-Ad

1.60 (0.98–2.55)

0.05

Differentiation

G1

1

G2 – G4

1.92 (1.19–3.17)

< 0.01

Ly

absent

1

present

1.95 (1.24–3.11)

< 0.01

V

absent

1

1

present

3.36 (2.06–5.69)

< 0.01

2.80 (1.49–5.38)

< 0.01

preCRP

≤ 0.14

1

>  0.14

2.85 (1.80–4.61)

< 0.01

postCRP

≤ 14.49

1

>  14.49

2.20 (1.35–3.69)

< 0.01

Clavien-Dindo grade

0 - I

1

II - IIIb

1.45 (0.83–2.43)

0.17