Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants
|  | Entire Cohort (n = 16) | Group Aa (n = 8) | Group Bb (n = 8) |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
 Male sex (n, %) | 8 (50) | 5 (63) | 3 (38) |
 Age (months), median (IQR) | 23 (17–29) | 20 (15–28) | 26 (20–32) |
Past medical history | |||
 Pneumonia | 6 (38) | 2 (25) | 4 (50) |
 Asthma | 1 (6) | 1 (13) | 0 |
 HIV | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Malaria | 3 (17) | 0 | 3 (38) |
Clinical examination | |||
 Baseline SpO2 | 90 (88–93) | 89 (88–92) | 90 (87–93) |
  85–89% | 8 (50) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) |
  90–94% | 8 (50) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) |
Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 11.4 (9.0–13.0) | 11.5 (9.0–13.1) | 10.9 (9.5–12.6) |
Temperature (°C), median (IQR) | 37.4 (37–37.9) | 37.4 (37.1–37.5) | 37.9 (37–38.1) |
Blood pressure (mmHg)3 | |||
 Systolic, median (IQR) | 95 (92–101) | 96 (87–104) | 95 (92–100) |
 Diastolic, median (IQR) | 67 (62.5–78.5) | 65 (60–72) | 73 (65–80) |
Heart Rate (bpm), median (IQR) | 157 (138–168) | 152 (142–160) | 159 (135–179) |
Respiratory rate (bpm), median (IQR) | 63 (57.5–76) | 66 (60–76) | 63 (54–76) |
Tachypnea | 16 (100) | 8 (100) | 8 (100) |
Delayed Capillary refill time | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Absent or unequal breath sounds | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wheeze | 1 (8) | 0 | 1 (6) |
Crackles | 12 (75) | 6 (75) | 6 (75) |
Stridor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rapid or shallow breathing | 16 (100) | 8 (100) | 8 (100) |
Increased work of breathing | 16 (100) | 8 (100) | 8 (100) |
Chest wall asymmetry | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Consciousness | |||
 Alert | 16 (100) | 8 (100) | 8 (100) |
 Response to Voice | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Response to pain | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Unresponsive | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SICK scores | 2.1 (0.9–2.2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.1) | 2.1 (1.4–2.3) |
Investigations, median (IQR) | |||
 Venous blood gas | |||
  Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.54–1.9) | 1.9 (1.8–2) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) |
  pH | 7.4 (7.4–7.5) | 7.4 (7.4–7.5) | 7.5 (7.4–7.5) |
  pCO2 (mmHg) | 27 (24–32) | 27 (25–32) | 28 (24–31) |
  paO2 (mmHg) | 44 (43–47) | 43 (42–46) | 45 (43–49) |
  BE (mmol/L) | -5 (−8 to − 4) | −6 (− 9 to − 5) | −5 (− 6 to − 2) |
  HCO3 (mmol/L) | 19 (17–20) | 18 (16–20) | 20 (18–21) |
 Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 6 (5.2–6.9) | 5.6 (5.1–6.5) | 6.5 (5.5–7.0) |
 Hematologic parameters | |||
  Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.1 (10–11.8) | 11 (10–12.2) | 11.1 (10–11.5) |
  Hematocrit (%) | 35 (31–36) | 34 (31–36) | 34 (31–36) |
  White blood cell count (x103μL) | 13 (8–18) | 10 (8–21) | 15 (7–18) |
  Platelet count (×103 μL) | 396 (271–552) | 424 (320–552) | 396 (260–540) |