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Table 3 Clinical characteristics of patients with AKI who had improved renal function and those without during hospitalization

From: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study

Characteristic

Patients with AKI(N = 92)

Improved(n = 16)

Not improved(n = 76)

P value

Age, median (IQR), y

65 (59–73)

63 (49–66)

65 (61–74)

0.065

Time from admission to diagnosis of AKI, (day)

9 (5–12)

5 (3–9)

9 (6–14)

< 0.001

Sex

   

0.059

 Female

30 (32.6)

2 (12.5)

28 (36.8)

–

 Male

62 (67.4)

14 (87.5)

48 (63.2)

–

KDIGO staging

 1

13 (14.1)

3 (18.8)

10 (13.2)

0.850

 2

15 (16.3)

3 (18.8)

12 (15.8)

> 0.999

 3

64 (69.6)

10 (62.5)

54 (71.1)

0.706

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

45 (48.9)

8 (50.0)

37 (48.7)

0.924

 Diabetes

23 (25.0)

6 (37.5)

17 (22.4)

0.341

 Cardiovascular diseases

9 (9.8)

0 (0.0)

9 (11.8)

0.324

 Malignancy

10 (10.9)

2 (12.50)

8 (10.5)

0.651

 Cerebrovascular disease

12 (5.7)

12 (6.2)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Chronic Kidney Disease

6 (6.5)

3 (18.8)

3 (4.0)

0.063

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2 (2.2)

1 (6.3)

1 (1.3)

NA

 Connective Tissue Disease

2 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.6)

NA

Complication

 Sepsis

72 (78.3)

10 (62.5)

62 (81.6)

0.178

 Right heart failurea

28 (30.4)

9 (56.3)

19 (25.0)

0.030

 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

27 (29.4)

5 (31.3)

22 (29.0)

> 0.999

Treatment

 CRRT

52 (56.5)

9 (56.3)

43 (56.6)

0.981

 Drug with Nephrotoxicity

38 (41.3)

7 (43.8)

31 (40.8)

0.827

 Respiratory support: COT

2 (2.2)

1 (6.3)

1 (1.3)

NA

 Respiratory support: HFN

6 (6.5)

0 (0.0)

6 (7.9)

NA

 Respiratory support: NIV

4 (4.4)

1 (6.25)

3 (4.0)

NA

 Respiratory support: IMV

80 (87.0)

14 (87.5)

66 (86.8)

> 0.999

Laboratory Findingsb

 Baseline serum creatinine (μmol/L)

75.5 (59.8–102.8)

88.6 (54.4–229.8)

72.3 (61.8–90.8)

0.169

 Maximum PaCO2 (mmHg)

69.5 (46.8–81.3)

65.5 (51.7–76.0)

72.0 (46.8–82.0)

0.881

 Maximum PaCO2 > = 60 mmHg

55 (59.8)

9 (56.3)

46 (60.5)

0.751

 Minimum PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg)

73.0 (62.8–138.6)

133.5 (106.0–230.0)

67.0 (62.0–88.8)

< 0.001

 Minimum PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg

70 (76.1)

9 (56.3)

61 (80.3)

0.085

 Maximum IL-6 (pg/ml)

17.9 (12.6–33.5)

18.0 (14.0–97.3)

17.9 (12.1–31.5)

0.323

 Maximum serum ferritin (ng/ml)

2001.0 (1329.6–2001.0)

2001.0 (1922.2–2001.0)

2001.00 (1296.5–2001.0)

0.889

  1. Data in bold indicated the comparisons with statistical significance
  2. a Right heart failure: defined according to the clinical diagnosis and ultrasonographic manifestations. & Drugs with Nephrotoxicity: mainly included aminoglycosides, glycopeptides and colistin. b, Data were collected before the development of AKI among patients who had developed AKI; The most abnormal data during hospitalization were presented among patients who did not develop AKI. PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2 ratio: the ratio between the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the inspiratory concentration of oxygen