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Table 4 Clinical characteristics of patients with AKI who had survived and those not

From: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study

Characteristic

Total(N = 210)

Non-survivor(n = 93)

Survivor(n = 117)

P value

Age, median (IQR), yrs

64 (56–71)

66 (61–73)

62 (53–69)

0.002

Sex

   

0.997

 Female

79 (37.6)

35 (37.6)

44 (37.6)

–

 Male

131 (62.4)

58 (62.4)

73 (62.4)

–

Severity of Covid-19

   

< 0.001

 Severe

60 (28.6)

1 (1.1)

59 (50.4)

–

 Critical

150 (71.4)

92 (98.9)

58 (49.6)

–

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

98 (46.7)

43 (46.2)

55 (47.0)

0.911

 Diabetes

44 (21.0)

21 (22.6)

23 (19.7)

0.605

 Cardiovascular diseases

23 (11.0)

10 (10.8)

13 (11.1)

0.934

 Malignancy

14 (6.7)

9 (9.7)

5 (4.3)

0.119

 Cerebrovascular disease

12 (5.7)

7 (7.5)

5 (4.3)

0.313

 Chronic Kidney Disease

10 (4.8)

3 (3.2)

7 (6.0)

0.545

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

5 (2.4)

2 (2.2)

3 (2.6)

NA

 Connective Tissue Disease

2 (1.0)

1 (1.1)

1 (0.9)

NA

Complication

 Sepsis

112 (53.3)

72 (77.4)

40 (34.2)

< 0.001

 Acute kidney injury

92 (43.8)

65 (69.9)

27 (23.1)

< 0.001

 AKI KDIGO stage 1

13 (6.2)

6 (6.5)

7 (6.0)

0.889

 AKI KDIGO stage 2

15 (7.1)

10 (10.8)

5 (4.3)

0.070

 AKI KDIGO stage 3

64 (30.5)

49 (52.7)

15 (12.8)

< 0.001

 Right heart failurea

44 (21.0)

25 (26.9)

19 (16.2)

0.060

 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

32 (15.2)

26 (28.0)

6 (5.1)

< 0.001

Treatment

 Continuous renal replacement therapy

54 (25.7)

39 (41.9)

15 (12.82)

< 0.001

 Drug with Nephrotoxicity

52 (24.8)

28 (30.1)

24 (20.51)

0.110

 Respiratory support: COT

41 (19.5)

0 (0.00)

41 (35.04)

0.287

 Respiratory support: HFN

22 (10.5)

3 (3.23)

19 (16.24)

0.002

 Respiratory support: NIV

29 (13.8)

10 (10.75)

19 (16.24)

0.252

 Respiratory support: IMV

118 (56.2)

80 (86.0)

38 (32.5)

< 0.001

Laboratory Findings

 Baseline Scr(umol/L)

69.7 (55.9–85.9)

71.1 (58.4–90.8)

69.0 (54.4–81.3)

0.165

 Maximum PaCO2(mmHg)

52.0 (39.0–73.8)

71.0 (54.0–79.0)

43.0 (38.0–54.0)

< 0.001

 Maximum PaCO2 > = 60 mmHg

82 (39.1)

61 (65.6)

21 (18.0)

< 0.001

 Minimum P/F(mmHg)

109.0 (65.0–207.7)

65.0 (58.0–75.9)

190.0 (130.0–220.0)

< 0.001

 Minimum P/F < 150 mmHg

116 (55.2)

82 (88.2)

34 (29.1)

< 0.001

 Maximum IL-6 (pg/ml)

14.3 (9.9–24.9)

17.2 (11.7–31.2)

13.6 (9.3–22.2)

0.031

 Maximum serum ferritin (ng/ml)

1607.8 (786.2–2001.0)

2001.0 (1130.0–2001.0)

1000.7 (590.2–2001.0)

< 0.001

  1. Right heart failure: defined according to the clinical diagnosis and ultrasonographic manifestations. & Drugs with Nephrotoxicity: mainly included aminoglycosides, glycopeptides and colistin. a, Data were collected before the development of AKI among patients who had developed AKI; The most abnormal data during hospitalization were presented among patients who did not develop AKI. PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2 ratio: the ratio between the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the inspiratory concentration of oxygen
  2. Data in bold indicated the comparisons with statistical significance
  3. Non-survivor: Deceased within 28 days of ICU admission