TY - JOUR AU - Hashimoto, S. AU - Shime, N. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Evaluation of semi-quantitative scoring of Gram staining or semi-quantitative culture for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a retrospective comparison with quantitative culture JO - J Intensive Care VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-0492-1-2 DO - 10.1186/2052-0492-1-2 ID - Hashimoto2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schurink, C. A. M. AU - Nieuwenhoven, C. A. V. AU - Jacobs, J. A. AU - Rozenberg-Arska, M. AU - Joore, H. C. A. AU - Buskens, E. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Clinical pulmonary infection score for ventilator-associated pneumonia: accuracy and inter-observer variability JO - Intensive Care Med VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-2018-2 DO - 10.1007/s00134-003-2018-2 ID - Schurink2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCauley, L. M. AU - Webb, B. J. AU - Sorensen, J. AU - Dean, N. C. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Use of tracheal aspirate culture in newly intubated patients with community-onset pneumonia JO - Ann Am ThoracSoc VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201506-368BC DO - 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201506-368BC ID - McCauley2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grgurich, P. E. AU - Hudcova, J. AU - Lei, Y. AU - Sarwar, A. AU - Craven, D. E. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: controversies and working toward a gold standard JO - Curr Opinion Infect Dis VL - 26 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835ebbd0 DO - 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835ebbd0 ID - Grgurich2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sanchez-Nieto, J. AU - Torres, A. AU - Garcia-Cordoba, F. AU - El-Ebiary, M. AU - Carrillo, A. AU - Ruiz, J. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Impact of invasive and noninvasive quantitative culture sampling on outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pilot study JO - Am J RespirCrit Care Med VL - 157 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.157.2.97-02039 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.157.2.97-02039 ID - Sanchez-Nieto1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, L. K. AU - Barry, A. L. AU - Horgan, S. M. PY - 1982 DA - 1982// TI - Comparison of six different criteria for judging the acceptability of sputum specimens JO - J ClinMicrobiol VL - 16 ID - Wong1982 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Khawaja, A. AU - Zubairi, A. B. AU - Durrani, F. K. AU - Zafar, A. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Etiology and outcome of severe community acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults JO - BMC Infect Dis VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-94 DO - 10.1186/1471-2334-13-94 ID - Khawaja2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Khan, M. S. AU - Siddiqui, S. Z. AU - Haider, S. AU - Zafar, A. AU - Zafar, F. AU - Khan, R. N. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Infection control education: impact on ventilator-associated pneumonia rates in a public sector intensive care unit in Pakistan JO - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg VL - 103 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.002 DO - 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.002 ID - Khan2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kalil, A. C. AU - Metersky, M. L. AU - Klompas, M. AU - Muscedere, J. AU - Sweeney, D. A. AU - Palmer, L. B. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society JO - Clin Infect Dis VL - 63 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw353 DO - 10.1093/cid/ciw353 ID - Kalil2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Torres, A. AU - Niederman, M. S. AU - Chastre, J. AU - Ewig, S. AU - Fernandez-Vandellos, P. AU - Hanberger, H. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and AsociaciónLatinoamericana del Tórax (ALAT) JO - EurRespir J VL - 50 UR - https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00582-2017 DO - 10.1183/13993003.00582-2017 ID - Torres2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fujitani, S. AU - Cohen-Melamed, M. H. AU - Tuttle, R. P. AU - Delgado, E. AU - Taira, Y. AU - Darby, J. M. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Comparison of semi-quantitative endotracheal aspirates to quantitative non-bronchoscopicbronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia JO - Respiratory Care VL - 54 ID - Fujitani2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, J. M. AU - Binnicker, M. J. AU - Campbell, S. AU - Carroll, K. C. AU - Chapin, K. C. AU - Gilligan, P. H. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2018 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology JO - Clin Infect Dis VL - 67 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy381 DO - 10.1093/cid/ciy381 ID - Miller2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McHugh, M. L. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic JO - Biochemiamedica: Biochemiamedica VL - 22 ID - McHugh2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marquette, C. H. AU - Copin, M. -. C. AU - Wallet, F. AU - Neviere, R. AU - Saulnier, F. AU - Mathieu, D. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard JO - Am J RespirCrit Care Med VL - 151 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767535 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767535 ID - Marquette1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Torres, A. AU - el-Ebiary, M. AU - Padro, L. AU - Gonzalez, J. AU - De La Bellacasa, J. P. AU - Ramirez, J. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy JO - Am J RespirCrit Care Med VL - 149 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.8306025 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.8306025 ID - Torres1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fàbregas, N. AU - Ewig, S. AU - Torres, A. AU - El-Ebiary, M. AU - Ramirez, J. AU - Bellacasa, J. P. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies JO - Thorax VL - 54 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.54.10.867 DO - 10.1136/thx.54.10.867 ID - Fàbregas1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luna, C. M. AU - Videla, A. AU - Mattera, J. AU - Vay, C. AU - Famiglietti, A. AU - Vujacich, P. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Blood cultures have limited value in predicting severity of illness and as a diagnostic tool in ventilator-associated pneumonia JO - Chest VL - 116 UR - https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.116.4.1075 DO - 10.1378/chest.116.4.1075 ID - Luna1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zubairi, A. B. S. AU - Zafar, A. AU - Salahuddin, N. AU - Haque, A. S. AU - Waheed, S. AU - Khan, J. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Atypical pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia in adults JO - JPMA J Pakistan Med Assoc VL - 62 ID - Zubairi2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Iqbal, N. AU - Irfan, M. AU - Siddique, F. AU - Arshad, V. AU - Zubairi, A. B. S. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Factors predicting in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia at a tertiary care hospital Karachi Pakistan JO - ClinRespir J VL - 14 ID - Iqbal2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carugati, M. AU - Aliberti, S. AU - Sotgiu, G. AU - Blasi, F. AU - GoriMenendez, A. R. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hospitalized patients and appropriateness of empirical treatment recommendations: an international point-prevalence study JO - Eur J ClinMicrobiol Infect Dis VL - 39 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03870-3 DO - 10.1007/s10096-020-03870-3 ID - Carugati2020 ER -