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Table 5 Analysis of the health effects of toner exposure with adjustment for confounders (model 3)

From: Effects of toner-handling work on respiratory function, chest X-ray findings, and biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress: a 10-year prospective Japanese cohort study

Parameters (unit)

Difference in yearly change in each parameter between the toner-handling group and non-toner-handling group

Yearly change in each parameter of the non-toner-handling group

Estimate

95% CI

P-value

Estimate

95% CI

P-value

AIC

Respiratory function tests

 VC (l)

−0.001

− 0.004

0.001

0.294

−0.01

− 0.01

− 0.01

< 0.001

− 5289.3

 %VC (%)

− 0.04

− 0.1

0.02

0.188

0.2

0.1

0.2

< 0.001

73,416.2

 FEV1 (l)

0.00003

−0.002

0.002

0.982

−0.02

−0.02

− 0.02

< 0.001

− 9986.4

 %FEV1 (%)

0.02

−0.05

0.08

0.616

0.1

0.09

0.2

< 0.001

74,397.2

 FEV1/FVC (%)

0.004

−0.03

0.04

0.843

−0.3

−0.3

− 0.3

< 0.001

60,385.0

 %FEV1/FVC (%)

0.02

−0.03

0.06

0.510

−0.09

−0.1

− 0.05

< 0.001

65,542.7

 V25 (l/s)

0.001

−0.003

0.005

0.607

−0.03

−0.03

− 0.03

< 0.001

3467.3

 %V25 (%)

0.02

−0.1

0.2

0.781

−0.4

−0.6

− 0.3

< 0.001

101,019.6

Biomarkers

 CRP (mg/dl)

0.0004

−0.002

0.003

0.809

0.0004

−0.002

0.003

0.720

3574.3

 IgE (IU/ml)

4.8

−1.0

10.6

0.107

−1.6

−6.1

3.0

0.500

174,528.7

 8-OHdG/Creatinine (ng/mg)

−0.009

−0.03

0.006

0.235

0.03

0.02

0.05

< 0.001

44,980.9

  1. In model 3, dependent variables consisted of the parameters of respiratory function tests and the values of biomarkers. We used the higher goodness-of-fit model in models 1 and 2 and adjusted the model using age at baseline, body mass index, smoking, asthma, allergic rhinitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, non-toner-handling work, and organic solvent-handling work as confounding factors
  2. CI confidence interval, AIC Akaike’s Information Criterion, VC vital capacity, %VC percentage of VC to predicted VC value, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, %FEV1 percentage of FEV1 to predicted FEV1 value, FEV1/FVC percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, %FEV1/FVC percentage of FEV1/FVC to predicted FEV1/FVC value, V25 maximal expiratory flow at 25% forced VC, CRP C-reactive protein, IgE immunoglobulin E, IL interleukin, IFN-γ interferon-gamma, 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine