Impact of emphysema on sputum culture conversion in male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis

Table 3 Cox proportional hazard regression unadjusted and adjusted analysis of time to sputum culture conversion*

Characteristics	Univariate HR (95% CI)	p- value	Multivariate HR (95% CI)	p- value
Age	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.483	0.994 (0.98–1.01)	0.593
Emphysema	2.21 (1.36–3.60)	0.001	2.43 (1.18–4.97)	0.015
Smoking history	1.81 (1.09–2.99)	0.021	0.87 (0.44–1.72)	0.692
Current smoker	1.26 (0.77–2.04)	0.361
Consolidation	1.77 (1.06–2.96)	0.031	1.07 (0.61–1.87)	0.818
Cavities	2.72 (1.65–4.49)	< 0.0001	2.15 (1.18–3.89)	0.012
Alcohol consumption	1.19 (0.73–1.94)	0.478
Diabetes^†	1.67 (0.99–2.82)	0.055
CKD^‡	0.83 (0.48–1.41)	0.482
Hypoalbuminemia^§	1.74 (1.08–2.80)	0.024	0.99 (0.53–1.86)	0.979
Autoimmunity	0.44 (0.18–1.11)	0.081
Steroid use	0.83 (0.38–1.82)	0.641
Malignancy	1.02 (0.51–2.06)	0.956
TTD within 2 weeks at baseline	2.56 (1.52–4.31)	< 0.0001	2.95 (1.64–5.31)	< 0.0001
Treated with HREZ	1.40 (0.85–2.31)	0.181

*HR calculated with each per unit increase. Each variable measured at the time of diagnosis. Adjusted by previously described clinically important variables and candidate variables (age, emphysema, smoking history, consolidation, cavities, hypoalbuminemia and TTD within 2 weeks) for which the p- value was < 0.05 on univariate analysis
^†Diabetes: prescription of oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or insulin; fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL or haemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. ^‡ CKD: glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for > 3 months. ^§ Hypoalbuminemia: serum albumin ≤3.5 g/dL

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