Table 1 Number and percent of controls, cases of non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), allergic rhinitis (AR) and sinusitis as a function of main socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics
Controls (n = 1416) n(%) | AR (n = 592) n(%) | NAR (n = 188) n(%) | Sinusitis (n = 691) n(%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.068 | ||||
Male | 729 (51.5) | 317 (53.5) | 87 (46.3) | 326 (47.2) | |
Female | 687 (48.5) | 275 (46.5) | 101 (53.7) | 365 (52.8) | |
Age (years) | < 0.001 | ||||
20–34 | 144 (10.2) | 95 (16.1) | 12 (6.4) | 70 (10.1) | |
35–44 | 339 (23.9) | 194 (32.8) | 34 (18.1) | 218 (31.6) | |
45–54 | 388 (27.4) | 191 (32.3) | 61 (32.5) | 218 (31.6) | |
55–64 | 254 (17.9) | 72 (12.2) | 36 (19.2) | 119 (17.2) | |
≥ 65 | 291 (20.6) | 40 (6.8) | 45 (23.9) | 66 (9.6) | |
Time at stopping education (years) | < 0.001 | ||||
< 18 | 465 (33.1) | 141 (24) | 64 (34.8) | 190 (27.7) | |
18–21 | 498 (35.5) | 222 (37.8) | 68 (37) | 267 (38.9) | |
≥ 22 | 440 (31.4) | 225 (38.3) | 52 (28.3) | 228 (33.3) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.030 | ||||
< 25 | 681 (49.9) | 328 (56.6) | 94 (50.5) | 355 (53.4) | |
25–29 | 475 (34.8) | 187 (32.2) | 62 (33.3) | 236 (35.5) | |
≥ 30 | 208 (15.3) | 65 (11.2) | 30 (16.1) | 74 (11.1) | |
Physical activity (times/week) | 0.038 | ||||
< 2–3 times | 983 (69.9) | 379 (64.6) | 138 (74.2) | 467 (67.9) | |
≥ 2–3 times | 423 (30.1) | 208 (35.4) | 48 (25.8) | 221 (32.1) | |
Smoking habits | 0.577 | ||||
No smoker | 684 (49.4) | 305 (52.6) | 81 (43.8) | 333 (49.3) | |
Ex smoker | 411 (29.7) | 158 (27.2) | 60 (32.4) | 200 (29.6) | |
Current smoker | 290 (20.9) | 117 (20.2) | 44 (23.8) | 142 (21.0) | |
Alcohol intake (No/Yes) | 0.158 | ||||
No drinker | 875 (62.3) | 349 (59.4) | 121 (64.7) | 399 (58.1) | |
Drinker | 529 (37.7) | 239 (40.6) | 66 (35.3) | 288 (41.9) | |
Atopy | < 0.001* | ||||
No | 931 (72.7) | – | 188 (100.0) | 268 (41.9) | |
Yes | 349 (27.3) | 592 (100.0) | – | 372 (58.1) | |
Nasal polyps (ever) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1396 (98.8) | 564 (95.4) | 185 (98.4) | 632 (91.7) | |
Yes | 17 (1.2) | 27 (4.6) | 3 (1.6) | 57 (8.3) | |
Asthma | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1807 (85.25) | 225 (40.47) | 109 (72.67) | 328 (52.82) | |
Yes | 107 (8.39) | 238 (42.81) | 29 (19.33) | 213 (34.30) | |
Past | 81 (6.35) | 93 (16.73) | 12 (8.00) | 80 (12.88) | |
Chronic chough and phlegm | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1.338 (95.1) | 524 (88.81) | 154 (83.24) | 588 (85.59) | |
Yes | 69 (4.9) | 66 (11.19) | 31 (16.76) | 99 (14.41) | |
Doctor-diagnosed chronic bronchitis | 0.562 | ||||
No | 1236 (97.78) | 521 (97.38) | 156 (96.89) | 587 (96.71) | |
Yes | 28 (2.22) | 14 (2.62) | 5 (3.11) | 20 (3.29) | |
Steroids (ever) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1302 (98.6) | 422 (80.8) | 160 (92.5) | 491 (79.1) | |
Yes | 18 (1.4) | 100 (19.2) | 13 (7.5) | 130 (20.9) | |
Vasoconstrictors (ever) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1274 (96.4) | 394 (75.3) | 142 (81.6) | 486 (77.8) | |
Yes | 48 (3.6) | 129 (24.7) | 32 (18.4) | 139 (22.2) | |
Antihistamines (ever) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1320 (99.7) | 362 (69) | 162 (93.1) | 495 (78.8) | |
Yes | 4 (0.3) | 163 (31.1) | 12 (6.9) | 133 (21.2) | |