The efficacy of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM) treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Summary of the effect of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM) treatment^a

Study	Oxygenation (improvement of PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg))	All-cause mortality						Adverse effects (n)
		Count of death (rhsTM) (n (%))	Count of death (control) (n (%))	Risk ratio (95% CI)	Multivariate (95% CI)	time at measurement	Adjusted factors
Sakamoto 2018 [33]^b	–	15 (33.4)	22 (62.9)	0.53 (0.33–0.86)	OR 0.25 (0.09–0.68)	3 months	No description	Haemoptysis and haematuria (1)
Hayakawa 2016 [37]^b	MD 21.0 (95% CI: 12.9–29.1)	3 (30) 4 (40) 6 (60)	6 (46) 11 (85) 12 (92)	0.65 (0.21–1.98) 0.47 (0.21–1.05) 0.65 (0.38–1.10)	- -	28 days 3 months 1 year	–	Not side effects
Tsushima 2014 [37]	–	7 (35.0)	5 (83.0)	0.42 (0.21–0.84)	–	28 days	–	–
Kataoka 2015 [38]	–	6 (30.0)	13 (65.0)	0.46 (0.22–0.97)	OR 0.21 (0.05–0.91)	3 months	propensity score^c	Haemosputum (1) DVT (1)

a, All comparisons are corresponding to rhsTM treatment group vs. control group and significant results are indicated in boldface; b, An absolute number of the outcome was calculated from the percentage data available; c, A propensity score was calculated adjusting for age, sex, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, respiratory rate, APACHE II score, WBC, CRP, LDH, KL-6, SP-D and D-dimer;
APACHE II score acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score; CI confidence interval; CRP C-reactive protein; DVT deep venous thrombosis; HR hazard ratio; KL-6 Krebs von den Lungen-6; LDH lactate dehydrogenase; MD mean difference; OR odds ratio; PaO2/FiO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen; rhsTM recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin; SP-D surfactant protein-D; WBC white blood cell;

ISSN: 1471-2466