Prognostic factors for survival after bronchoscopic intervention in patients with airway obstruction due to primary pulmonary malignancy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Variables	N = 224
Age, years	63 (56–69)
Sex, male	191 (85.3)
Body mass index, kg/m²	21.9 (20.1–24.1)
Smoking
Never smoker	48 (21.4)
Ex-smoker	102 (45.5)
Current smoker	74 (33.0)
Pack-year (n = 166)^a	40 (30–50)
Comorbidity
Chronic pulmonary disease	45 (20.1)
Diabetes mellitus	31 (13.8)
Congestive heart disease	15 (6.7)
Chronic liver disease	10 (4.5)
Chronic kidney disease	5 (2.2)
Cerebrovascular disease	2 (0.9)
Poor performance status^b	68 (30.4)
Intubation due to respiratory failure before intervention	27 (12.1)
Histological type of malignancy
Non-small cell carcinoma	215 (96.0)
Squamous cell carcinoma	159 (71.0)
Adenocarcinoma	40 (17.9)
Others^c	16 (7.1)
Small cell carcinoma	9 (4.0)

Data are presented as n (%) or the median (interquartile range)
^a Excluding never smoker and 11 patients with ex-smoker who had no information
^b American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class ≥3 means severe systemic disease with functional limitation
^c Poorly differentiated (n = 7), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 3), pleomorphic carcinoma (n = 3), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (n = 1), sarcomatoid carcinoma (n = 1), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1)

ISSN: 1471-2466