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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis

From: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of combined pirfenidone and N-acetylcysteine therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study ID

Number of PFD + NAC/PFD Patients

Age (years)

(PFD + NAC/PFD)

Country/Study Area

Study Type

Daily Dosage of PFD + NAC [mg/d]

Daily Dosage of PFD [mg/d]

Outcome Parameters

Bonella 2013 [8]

6/16

71.3 ± 7.50/70.5 ± 6.4

Germany

Cohort

1200–1800 + 1800

1200–1800

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Oltmanns 2014 [20]

11/45

68 ± 6.6/68 ± 7.9

Germany

Cohort

2400 + 1800

2400

1, 4, 5, 6

Mao 2018 [13]

35/33

59.8 ± 13.4/58.2 ± 9.0

China

Cohort

1800 + 600

1800

1, 2, 3

Ma 2018 [12]

15/15

62.1 ± 6.6/64.9 ± 4.3

China

Cohort

1800 + 1200

1800

1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Sakamoto 2014 [Inhaled] [14]

17/10

73.5/75.0a

Japan

CC

1800 + 704.8

1800

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Behr 2016 [11]

60/62

66.7/67.5a

Europe

RCT

1602–2403 + 1800

1602–2403

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  1. Abbreviations: PFD Pirfenidone, NAC N-acetylcysteine, CC Case-control study, Cohort Cohort study, RCT Randomized controlled trial. aMedian for ages. Outcome parameters legend: 1: At least one side effect; 2: Gastrointestinal side effects; 3: Skin side effects; 4: Intolerable side effects; 5: Decline in forced vital capacity percent predicted (ΔFVC%) from treatment start; and 6: Decline in diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (ΔDLco%) from treatment start