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Table 2 Prevalence and Adjusted effect of Asthma among young women aged 15–49 years by household environment and background characteristics, India 2015–16

From: Socio-economic Correlates and Spatial Heterogeneity in the Prevalence of Asthma among Young Women in India

Household, Env. & Background Characteristics

Percent

Odds Ratio

Lower

Upper

Improved source of drinking water

 No®

2.16

   

 Yes

1.90

1.00

0.95

1.05

Improved source toilet facility

 No®

1.81

   

 Yes

2.02

1.07**

1.01

1.13

Clean cooking fuel

 No®

1.84

   

 Yes

2.07

1.03

0.97

1.09

Separate room used as kitchen

 No®

1.95

   

 Yes

1.93

0.95**

0.91

0.99

Household with no crowding

 No®

1.81

   

 Yes

2.11

1.11***

1.07

1.15

Consumption of any tobacco

 No®

1.86

   

 Yes

3.35

1.66***

1.56

1.76

Level of education

 No education®

2.24

   

 Primary

2.43

0.93**

0.88

0.99

 Secondary

1.79

0.62***

0.59

0.65

 Higher

1.37

0.44***

0.40

0.48

Place of residence

 Urban®

2.05

   

 Rural

1.88

1.02

0.97

1.07

Caste

 SC®

1.82

   

 ST

1.77

0.92**

0.85

0.98

 OBC

1.92

1.02

0.97

1.08

 Others

2.10

1.22***

1.15

1.30

Religion

 Hindu®

1.95

   

 Muslim

1.75

0.84***

0.79

0.89

 Others

2.20

1.18***

1.10

1.27

Region

 Eastern®

2.32

   

 Western

1.42

0.64***

0.60

0.69

 Northern

1.20

0.59***

0.56

0.63

 Southern

2.94

1.48***

1.39

1.58

 North-eastern

1.37

0.68***

0.62

0.73

 Central

1.86

0.94

0.87

1.01

Wealth index

 Poorest®

1.73

   

 Poorer

1.89

1.14***

1.06

1.21

 Middle

2.00

1.11***

1.03

1.20

 Richer

2.16

1.25***

1.14

1.37

 Richest

1.87

1.40***

1.26

1.56

Mass media

 No®

1.70

   

 Yes

1.99

1.18***

1.12

1.25

India

1.94

   
  1. The values of the odds ratio are significant at *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01with respect to®reference category