Table 1 Characteristics of the study population at baseline
Total sample | GOLD 1/2 | GOLD 3/4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 1734 | 943 | 791 | p-value1 | |
Male | 1054 (60.8) | 570 (60.5) | 484 (61.2) | 0.7523 | |
Age, yrs | 64.6 ± 8.2 | 65.5 ± 8.3 | 63.6 ± 8.0 | <.0001 | |
Age category | < 55 | 203 (11.7) | 96 (10.2) | 107 (13.5) | <.0001 |
55–64 | 610 (35.2) | 300 (31.8) | 310 (39.2) | ||
65–74 | 750 (43.3) | 432 (45.8) | 318 (40.2) | ||
> = 75 | 171 (9.9) | 115 (12.2) | 56 (7.1) | ||
BMI category2 | Normal | 648 (37.4) | 319 (33.8) | 329 (41.6) | <.0001 |
Overweight | 642 (37.0) | 366 (38.8) | 276 (34.9) | ||
Obese | 392 (22.6) | 242 (25.7) | 150 (19.0) | ||
Underweight | 52 (3.0) | 16 (1.7) | 36 (4.6) | ||
FEV1 (liters) | 1.61 ± 0.64 | 2.00 ± 0.56 | 1.13 ± 0.33 | <.0001 | |
FEV1% predicted | 54.1 ± 18.4 | 69.6 ± 12.8 | 38.0 ± 8.2 | <.0001 | |
Education | Primary | 939 (54.2) | 480 (50.9) | 459 (58.0) | 0.0017 |
Secondary | 487 (28.1) | 270 (28.6) | 217 (27.4) | ||
Higher | 308 (17.8) | 193 (20.5) | 115 (14.5) | ||
Smoking status | Never smoker | 124 (7.2) | 73 (7.7) | 51 (6.5) | <.0001 |
Current smoker | 403 (23.2) | 258 (27.4) | 145 (18.3) | ||
Former smoker | 1207 (69.6) | 612 (64.9) | 595 (75.2) | ||
Comorbidities | Mean number | 3.8 (2.6) | 3.9 ± 2.6 | 3.6 ± 2.5 | 0.0171 |
Exacerbation history3 | none | 806 (46.5) | 519 (55.0) | 287 (36.3) | <.0001 |
mild | 86 (5.0) | 57 (6.0) | 29 (3.7) | ||
moderate | 529 (30.5) | 266 (28.2) | 263 (33.3) | ||
severe | 313 (18.1) | 101 (10.7) | 212 (26.8) | ||
HRQL measures | SGRQ total score | 41.6 ± 19.3 | 35.5 ± 18.5 | 48.8 ± 17.7 | <.0001 |
Activity component | 56.2 ± 25.5 | 46.6 ± 24.3 | 67.6 ± 21.9 | <.0001 | |
Symptoms component | 54.4 ± 21.1 | 50.4 ± 21.6 | 59.1 ± 19.6 | <.0001 | |
Impacts component | 28.6 ± 19.8 | 23.8 ± 18.7 | 34.2 ± 19.4 | <.0001 | |
EQ VAS | 57.7 ± 19.6 | 62.9 ± 18.6 | 51.6 ± 19.0 | <.0001 |