Outcome: SGRQ | Total sample | GOLD 1/2 | GOLD 3/4 |
---|
| estimate [95% CI] | estimate [95% CI] | estimate [95% CI] |
FEV1 between-subjects | −1.42* [− 1.55 to − 1.29] | −1.00* [− 1.23 to −0.78] | −1.57* [− 1.95 to − 1.19] |
FEV1 within-subjects | 0.83* [0.65 to 1.01] | 0.86* [0.63 to 1.09] | 0.92* [0.60 to 1.23] |
- *p < 0.001
- Hierarchical linear models (HLM) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking status, number of comorbidities, and exacerbation history
- Interpretation: Positive estimates indicate deterioration in HRQL. FEV1 between-subjects: cross-sectional difference in HRQL per 100 ml difference in FEV1 between subjects. FEV1 within-subjects: longitudinal change in HRQL per 100 ml decrease in FEV1 within subjects over time